2004-12-31-世界卫生组织-2005_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Mozambique_2页_64kb

报告摘要

Mozambique STEPS Survey Summary (2005)

Core Content

The STEPS (Stepwise Approach to Surveillance) survey in Mozambique was conducted from August 2005 to November 2005. It was a population-based survey targeting adults aged 25–64 years, designed to collect data on chronic disease risk factors. The survey was divided into three steps:

Step 1: Collection of socio-demographic and behavioural data, including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity levels.
Step 2: Physical measurements such as height, weight, and blood pressure.
Step 3: Biochemical measurements, including blood glucose and cholesterol levels.

A household sampling design was used to ensure representative data for the target age group. A total of 3,310 adults participated in the survey, with an overall response rate of 98.4%. A repeat survey was planned for 2010, contingent on funding availability.

Main Findings

Step 1: Behavioural Risk Factors

Tobacco Use

Percentage who currently smoke tobacco: 18.7% (Both Sexes), 36.0% (Males), 6.4% (Females)
Percentage who currently smoke tobacco daily: 16.7% (Both Sexes), 32.1% (Males), 5.7% (Females)
Average age started smoking: 25.6 years (Both Sexes), 24.4 years (Males), 30.4 years (Females)
Percentage smoking manufactured cigarettes: 56.3% (Both Sexes), 60.3% (Males), 40.4% (Females)
Mean number of manufactured cigarettes smoked per day: 6.4 (Both Sexes), 6.7 (Males), * (Females)

Alcohol Consumption

Percentage of abstainers (no alcohol in the last year): 54.8% (Both Sexes), 39.6% (Males), 65.6% (Females)
Percentage of current drinkers (alcohol in the last year): 45.2% (Both Sexes), 60.4% (Males), 34.4% (Females)
Percentage who drank alcohol on 4 or more days in the last week: 5.4% (Both Sexes), 7.1% (Males), 3.2% (Females)
Percentage who binge drink (men: ≥5 drinks/day, women: ≥4 drinks/day):
- Males: 44.8%
- Females: 35.1%

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

Mean number of days fruit consumed per week: 2.7 (Both Sexes), 2.7 (Males), 2.7 (Females)
Mean number of servings of fruit per day: 1.1 (Both Sexes), 1.1 (Males), 1.1 (Females)
Mean number of days vegetables consumed per week: 4.2 (Both Sexes), 3.9 (Males), 4.4 (Females)
Mean number of servings of vegetables per day: 1.1 (Both Sexes), 1.1 (Males), 1.2 (Females)
Percentage who ate less than 5 combined servings of fruits and/or vegetables per day: 95.0% (Both Sexes), 95.6% (Males), 94.5% (Females)

Physical Activity

Percentage with low levels of activity (<600 MET-minutes/week): 6.5% (Both Sexes), 6.7% (Males), 6.4% (Females)
Percentage with high levels of activity (≥3000 MET-minutes/week): 85.3% (Both Sexes), 83.1% (Males), 87.0% (Females)
Median time spent in physical activity per day (minutes): 385.7 (Both Sexes), 374.3 (Males), 394.3 (Females)
Percentage not engaging in vigorous physical activity: 31.1% (Both Sexes), 33.1% (Males), 29.6% (Females)

Step 2: Physical Measurements

Mean body mass index (BMI): 22.7 (Both Sexes), 21.7 (Males), 23.5 (Females)
Percentage who are overweight (BMI ≥25): 21.2% (Both Sexes), 13.5% (Males), 27.1% (Females)
Percentage who are obese (BMI ≥30): 7.5% (Both Sexes), 3.2% (Males), 10.8% (Females)
Average waist circumference: 76.8 cm (Both Sexes), 76.8 cm (Males), 76.8 cm (Females)
Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP): 133.4 mmHg (Both Sexes), 136.0 mmHg (Males), 131.5 mmHg (Females)
Mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 79.9 mmHg (Both Sexes), 80.0 mmHg (Males), 80.0 mmHg (Females)
Percentage with raised BP (SBP ≥140 and/or DBP ≥90 or on medication): 34.9% (Both Sexes), 37.5% (Males), 33.0% (Females)
Percentage with raised BP (SBP ≥160 and/or DBP ≥100 or on medication): 15.4% (Both Sexes), 15.0% (Males), 15.6% (Females)

Step 3: Biochemical Measurements

Mean fasting blood glucose (mmol): 3.7 (Both Sexes), 3.8 (Males), 3.6 (Females)
Percentage with impaired fasting glycaemia: 3.0% (Both Sexes), 3.2% (Males), 2.8% (Females)
Percentage with raised blood glucose (or on medication): 3.8% (Both Sexes), 4.9% (Males), 3.1% (Females)
Mean total blood cholesterol (mmol): 4.3 (Both Sexes), 4.4 (Males), 4.3 (Females)
Percentage with raised total cholesterol (≥5.0 mmol/L or ≥190 mg/dl): 12.7% (Both Sexes), 13.7% (Males), 12.2% (Females)
Percentage with raised total cholesterol (≥6.2 mmol/L or ≥240 mg/dl): 2.1% (Both Sexes), 1.9% (Males), 2.2% (Females)

Summary of Combined Risk Factors

Percentage with at least three of the following risk factors:
- Current daily smokers
- Less than 5 servings of fruits and/or vegetables per day
- Low level of activity (<600 MET-minutes/week)
Aged 25–44 years: 14.0% (Both Sexes), 17.0% (Males), 11.7% (Females)
Aged 45–64 years: 28.6% (Both Sexes), 26.7% (Males), 30.2% (Females)
Aged 25–64 years: 19.0% (Both Sexes), 20.5% (Males), 17.9% (Females)

Key Information

The survey was conducted using a household sampling design to ensure representative data.
High prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption (95% of adults).
Moderate levels of tobacco and alcohol use were reported.
Most adults (85.3%) had high levels of physical activity.
Overweight and obesity were present in 21.2% and 7.5% of the population, respectively.
Raised blood pressure was reported in 34.9% of the population.
Impaired fasting glycaemia and raised blood glucose were observed in 3.0%–3.8% of the population.
Raised total cholesterol was found in 12.7% of the population.
A repeat survey was planned for 2010, if funds permitted.