世界银行-塞舌尔公共支出审查_加强财政缓冲_实现更具生产力和弹性的投资（英）-2025_163页_1mb

### Overview  

The Seychelles Public Expenditure Review emphasizes the need for enhanced fiscal buffers, spending efficiency, and improved management of public sector wages. Seychelles maintains prudent fiscal policies but faces rigid spending on wages and limited capital execution, constraining resilience to climate shocks. Education and health sectors have strong outcomes but face inefficiencies and equity challenges.  

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### Fiscal Management  
- **Fiscal Space**: Establish a wage bill cap (11% of GDP) and use stabilization funds to insulate against volatility.  
- **Capital Expenditure**: Improve execution rates by combining programmatic planning with Better Procurement Practices (BPP).  

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### Education Efficiency  
- **SPending Distribution**: Reduce allocation to tertiary education, increase focus on primary/secondary.  
- **Teacher Quality**: Mandate minimum qualifications to boost foundational skills (currently ~60% of primary teachers lack diplomas).  
- **Outsourcing**: Expand non-institutional service outsourcing (e.g., school meals, cleaning to save costs).  

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### Health System Optimization  
- **NCD Focus**: Shift toward preventive spending, with calorie taxes and substance abuse programs addressing risk factors.  
- **Outcomes Lag**: Poor student outcomes in STEM and humanities; reform grading/teaching methods.  
- **Overseas Treatment**: Implement cost-benefit analysis for referrals (e.g., Sri Lanka vs. India).  

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### General Recommendations  
- **Data Use**: Institutionalize National Health Accounts (NHAs) and education expenditure tracking.  
- **Innovation**: Adopt tools like parametric insurance and sovereign wealth funds for climate risks.