世界银行-2017年全球流动性报告：跟踪产业部门业绩（英文）-2017.10-107页-4mb

Global Mobility Report 2017 Summary

Core Content

The Global Mobility Report 2017 (GMR) is a landmark publication that evaluates the performance of the global transport sector and its role in achieving a sustainable future. It outlines four key objectives for sustainable mobility: equity, efficiency, safety, and green mobility, and provides a framework for tracking progress toward these goals.

Main Objectives of Sustainable Mobility

1. Equitable Access

   • Ensures that all individuals, including vulnerable groups (women, youth, elderly, disabled), have access to transport services.
   • Focuses on universal access, aiming to leave no one behind.
   • Rural areas face significant challenges with limited connectivity, affecting over 450 million people in Africa.
   • Urban areas need integrated transport systems to ensure balanced access regardless of income, gender, or disability.

2. Efficient Transport

   • Seeks to meet transport demand at the lowest possible cost.
   • Emphasizes the optimization of resources such as energy, technology, and infrastructure.
   • While there are no globally agreed targets for efficiency, the report highlights the importance of improving understanding and measurement of this aspect.
   • New technologies offer potential, but institutional and regulatory barriers still hinder progress, especially in landlocked developing countries.

3. Safe Mobility

   • Aims to halve global road traffic deaths and injuries by 2030.
   • Road transport accounts for 97% of transport-related fatalities and 93% of transport-related costs.
   • Motorcyclists are 20 times more likely to die than car occupants, while cyclists and pedestrians face 7–9 times higher risk.
   • Urban areas, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, are the most affected by transport-related fatalities.

4. Green Mobility

   • Focuses on climate change mitigation and adaptation.
   • Aims to achieve a net-zero-emission economy by 2050 and improve air quality and climate resilience by 2030.
   • Transport contributes 23% of global greenhouse gas emissions and 18% of all man-made emissions.
   • Energy-related CO₂ emissions are projected to grow by 40% between 2013 and 2040.

Key Findings and Trends

• By 2030, annual passenger traffic is expected to exceed 80 trillion passenger-kilometers, a 50% increase from 2015.
• Global freight volumes are projected to grow by 70% by 2030.
• An additional 1.2 billion cars will be on the road by 2050, doubling current numbers.
• Transport is a key enabler of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• Two SDG targets are directly related to transport:
  • SDG 11.2: Ensure access to safe, affordable, accessible, and sustainable transport systems by 2030.
  • SDG 3.6: Halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents by 2020.
• Digitalization is expected to transform mobility, but the transport sector lags behind other sectors in digital readiness.
• Smart mobility can help reduce congestion, pollution, and improve quality of life, but requires coherent policies and investments.

Challenges and Opportunities

Challenges

• Traffic congestion, air and noise pollution, and road crashes cause substantial social, health, environmental, and economic losses.
• Rural areas lack basic transport infrastructure, limiting access to markets and economic opportunities.
• Urban areas face a mismatch between population growth and public transport expansion, leading to inequitable access.
• Landlocked developing countries suffer from high transport costs and poor connectivity, hindering their integration into global markets.
• Fossil fuel dependency remains a major issue, contributing to climate change and environmental degradation.

Opportunities

• Digital technologies offer potential to enhance efficiency, safety, and accessibility.
• Sustainable transport systems can significantly reduce emissions and pollution, supporting climate action.
• Improved transport networks can foster economic development, trade, and social inclusion.
• Sustainable freight systems can support global trade and market access.

Future Vision

The report envisions a sustainable future where:

• All cities and rural communities are connected to jobs, markets, and opportunities.
• Transport becomes a lifeline for vulnerable groups, ensuring accessibility and safety.
• Transport networks are integrated to support both motorized and active modes (e.g., walking, cycling).
• Transport-related fatalities and emissions are minimized, and environmental impacts are reduced.
• Digitalization and innovation lead to more equitable, efficient, and safer mobility.

Methodology and Data

• The GMR is built around three components: global objectives, targets, and indicators.
• It covers all transport modes: road, air, waterborne, and rail.
• The Elementary Global Tracking Framework for Transport (GTF) is proposed to track progress toward sustainable mobility.
• The report is a baseline and will be updated every two years.
• Data for over 180 countries will be presented in "country mobility snapshots".

Contributors and Partners

• The report was developed by a multi-stakeholder partnership including:
  • UN-DESA, World Bank, International Transport Forum (ITF), DFID, UITP, ITDP, WRI, SLoCaT, and IRU.
• A team of experts from various institutions and organizations contributed to the report, including WBG, UN-OHRLLS, WHO, KfW, GIZ, and FIA.
• The UK Department for International Development and other participating organizations provided significant support.

Conclusion

The Global Mobility Report 2017 highlights the critical role of transport in shaping a sustainable future. It underscores the need for coherent policies, investment, and innovation to meet the four pillars of sustainable mobility: equity, efficiency, safety, and green. The report serves as a tool for policymakers, investors, and practitioners to guide the transformation of the transport sector toward a more inclusive, efficient, and sustainable system.