2017年-世界发展银行全球_Global_Mobility_Report_2017___Tracking_Sector_Performance_107页_3mb

Global Mobility Report 2017 Summary

Core Content

The Global Mobility Report 2017 (GMR) is the first comprehensive assessment of the global transport sector's performance in supporting sustainable mobility. It outlines a framework to track progress toward four key objectives: equitable access, efficiency, safety, and green mobility. The report emphasizes the importance of transport in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and highlights the need for a coordinated, global approach to mobility planning and investment.

Main Objectives of Sustainable Mobility

1. Equitable Access

   • Ensures everyone, including vulnerable groups, has access to transport services regardless of income, gender, or location.
   • Focuses on universal access to jobs, markets, and opportunities.
   • Highlights that rural areas face significant challenges with limited transport connectivity, leaving 450 million people in Africa disconnected.
   • In urban areas, population growth outpaces public transport development, creating accessibility issues.

2. Efficiency

   • Seeks to meet transport demand at the lowest possible cost.
   • Emphasizes the need for better understanding and measurement of efficiency, as there are currently no agreed global targets.
   • Notes that while logistics performance and fuel economy have improved, institutional and regulatory barriers in landlocked countries continue to hinder cost reduction.

3. Safety

   • Aims to halve global road traffic deaths and injuries by 2030.
   • Road transport accounts for 97% of transport-related fatalities and 93% of transport-related costs.
   • Motorcyclists face 20 times higher fatality risk than car occupants, while bus and rail are safer modes.
   • Urban areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries, have the highest fatality rates.

4. Green Mobility

   • Focuses on climate change mitigation and adaptation, and reducing air and noise pollution.
   • Linked to SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy).
   • Transport is responsible for 23% of global greenhouse gas emissions and 18% of all man-made emissions.
   • Projected CO₂ emissions from transport are expected to rise by 40% between 2013 and 2040.

Key Findings and Trends

• By 2030, global passenger traffic will exceed 80 trillion passenger-kilometers, a 50% increase from 2015.
• Freight volumes are expected to grow by 70%, and 1.2 billion more cars will be on the road by 2050.
• Transport is essential for economic and social development, but its current patterns and systems may lead to inequalities, environmental degradation, and public health risks.
• Digitalization offers opportunities to improve mobility, but the transport sector is less ready to adopt digital technologies compared to other sectors.
• Digital tools can enhance equity, efficiency, and safety, but rural communities are particularly vulnerable to digital exclusion.

SDG Targets and Indicators

• The GMR supports SDG 11.2 and SDG 3.6, which directly relate to transport.
• SDG 11.2 aims to provide safe, affordable, accessible, and sustainable transport for all by 2030.
• SDG 3.6 seeks to halve road traffic deaths and injuries by 2020.
• SDG 9.1 also includes transport as it relates to developing resilient infrastructure.
• The GMR proposes an Elementary Global Tracking Framework for Transport (GTF) to monitor progress toward these goals.

Vision for Sustainable Mobility

• A future where transport is sustainable, equitable, and safe, and where no one is left behind.
• Cities and rural areas will be connected to jobs, markets, and opportunities.
• Transport networks will integrate motorized and active modes (e.g., walking, cycling) to meet mobility needs.
• Landlocked developing countries will gain swift access to global markets, and small island developing states will be better integrated into the global economy.
• The goal is to minimize transport-related fatalities, emissions, and pollution to support future generations.

Methodology and Data

• The GMR is built on three components:
  1. Four global objectives for sustainable mobility.
  2. Quantitative and qualitative targets derived from international agreements.
  3. Indicators to measure country-level progress.
• Data for over 180 countries will be presented in "country mobility snapshots".
• The GTF is designed to support global decision-making and investment in transport.
• The GMR is intended to be updated every two years to reflect progress and new challenges.

Contributions and Partners

• The report was produced by a multi-stakeholder group under the Sustainable Mobility for All™ (SuM4All™) initiative.
• Key contributors include:
  • UN-DESA, World Bank, International Transport Forum (ITF), DFID, UITP, ITDP, WRI, SLoCaT, and PPMC.
• The World Bank provided overall secretariat support.
• The report is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license, allowing for free use and adaptation with proper attribution.

Conclusion

The Global Mobility Report 2017 serves as a baseline for tracking progress toward sustainable mobility. It underscores the importance of transport in achieving the SDGs and highlights the need for improved data, investment, and policy coherence. The report provides policy makers, investors, and practitioners with a comprehensive tool to guide the future of global transport toward equity, efficiency, safety, and sustainability.