世界银行-2022年集装箱港口绩效指数：基于船舶在港时间的绩效可比评估（英）-2023-89页_8mb

Container Port Performance Index 2022 (CPPI 2022) Summary

1. Report Purpose

• To provide an objective and comparable metric for assessing the performance of global container ports based on vessel time in port.
• To identify opportunities for improvement to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and support sustainable development in global trade logistics.
• Utilizes empirical data from ship and port operations to offer a reliable benchmark for stakeholders.

2. Key Methodology

• Data Source: Collaboration with S&P Global Market Intelligence, leveraging automatic identification system (AIS) data and operational timestamps from major shipping lines.
  • Covers 348 ports with a minimum of 24 valid port calls in 2022.
  • Tracks total port hours (waiting + berth time).
• Index Calculation:
  • Administrative Approach: Uses expert judgment and statistical weighting.
  • Statistical Approach: Employs matrix factorization and maximum-likelihood imputation to handle missing data.
• Rank Aggregation: Combines results from both methods using a Borda-type scoring system to produce a unified ranking.

3. Key Findings

• Top Ports:
  • Yangshan Port (China) and Salalah Port (Oman) ranked 1st and 2nd consecutively.
  • Three Middle Eastern ports (Salalah, Khalifa, Hamad) and three Chinese gateways (Yangshan, Ningbo, Guangzhou) secured top 10 spots.
• Improvements in 2022:
  • Over 110 ports improved their rankings, with some gaining over 200 positions.
  • Reductions in average arrival times reduced global port congestion from 11 hours in 2021 to ~10 hours in 2022.
• Regional Insights:
  • North America: Average arrival times improved by 6 hours across all ship sizes.
  • Africa: Significant reductions in average arrival times in ports like Dar Es Salaam and Lagos.
  • Asia-Pacific: Top-performing regions with minimal delays.

4. Impact of Call Size and Ship Size

• Efficiency Insights: Crane productivity varies little with ship size, but
  More cranes are needed for larger shipments.
• Feeder Ships: Smaller vessels often face longer waiting times in major hub ports, though adjustments did not significantly alter overall rankings.

5. Future Directions

• Methodology Refinements: Continuously improve statistical methods and data integration to enhance accuracy.
• Broader Coverage: Expand to include more ports and better data granularity.
• Stakeholder Engagement: Incorporate feedback from governments, ports, and shipping lines to refine the index.

The CPPI 2022 provides a robust framework for measuring port performance, enabling data-driven decisions to optimize global supply chains.