2023年未来就业报告-296页_17mb

Summary of the Future of Jobs Report 2023

Core Content

The Future of Jobs Report 2023 provides an in-depth analysis of the global labor market's transformation over the next five years (2023-2027), focusing on the impact of macroeconomic, technological, and geopolitical trends. It highlights how these forces are reshaping employment, skills, and workforce strategies across industries and regions.

Key Findings

Global Labour Market Divergence

• High-income countries are experiencing tight labor markets, while low- and lower-middle-income countries continue to face higher unemployment than pre-pandemic levels.
• Women, youth under 25, and workers with basic education are disproportionately affected by job losses and lower employment rates.
• Real wages are declining due to the ongoing cost-of-living crisis, and changing worker expectations around job quality are becoming more prominent.

Trends Driving Transformation

• Technology adoption remains a key driver of change, with over 85% of organizations expecting increased use of new and frontier technologies and broader digital access.
• Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standards are also expected to have a significant impact.
• Macrotrends such as rising living costs, slow economic growth, and supply shortages are also influential.
• Climate change adaptation and the demographic dividend in developing economies are seen as net job creators.

Job Creation and Destruction

• Technology, digitalization, and sustainability are the main drivers of job creation, with roles like AI and Machine Learning Specialists, Sustainability Specialists, and Renewable Energy Engineers expected to grow rapidly.
• Clerical and secretarial roles are among the fastest declining, with Bank Tellers, Postal Service Clerks, and Data Entry Clerks facing the most significant job losses.
• Education, agriculture, and digital commerce are expected to see large-scale job growth, with over 10% growth in education-related jobs and 30% in agricultural roles.
• The net job creation is estimated at 14 million, or 2% of current employment, over the next five years.

Skills Outlook

• Analytical thinking and creative thinking are the most important skills for workers, with analytical thinking being the most critical and creative thinking growing in importance faster than analytical thinking.
• Technological literacy ranks third in terms of growth, while self-efficacy skills such as resilience, flexibility, and agility are also rising in importance.
• Socio-emotional skills like curiosity and lifelong learning, motivation and self-awareness, and empathy and active listening are increasingly valued.
• AI and big data are expected to be major drivers of job growth, but they are also a key source of disruption, with 50% of organizations anticipating job creation and 25% expecting job losses.
• Leadership and social influence is the highest-ranked attitude in the skills top 10, despite its current lower importance.

Workforce Strategies

• Reskilling and upskilling are seen as critical for adapting to changes, with 44% of workers expected to require training by 2027.
• Analytical thinking is the top priority for skills training, accounting for 10% of initiatives, followed by creative thinking (8%) and AI and big data (42%).
• On-the-job training and coaching is the most common method for workforce development, with 27% of training expected to come from this source.
• DEI (Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion) is a priority for most companies, with 79% focusing on women, 68% on youth under 25, and 51% on those with disabilities.
• Government intervention in skills training is viewed as an effective tool, with 45% of businesses seeing it as a key strategy.

Main Drivers of Change

• Technology adoption (big data, cloud computing, AI, digital platforms, e-commerce): Expected to drive job growth in more than 50% of companies, though also causing job displacement in 20%.
• Macrotrends: The green transition, rising cost of living, and economic uncertainty are major factors influencing labor markets.
• Geopolitical shifts and supply-chain disruptions are also contributing to labor-market instability.

Key Challenges

• Skills gaps and inability to attract talent are the main barriers to transformation.
• Talent retention and workforce mobility are significant concerns, with many companies struggling to retain workers.
• Automation is expected to increase, with 34% of tasks currently performed by machines and a projected 42% by 2027, though the pace is slower than anticipated.

Recommendations and Strategies

• Companies are focusing on internal training, on-the-job learning, and company-led initiatives to close skills gaps.
• Leadership and social influence is emphasized in workforce strategies, despite its current lower importance.
• Collaboration between businesses, governments, and educational institutions is essential for preparing the workforce for future challenges.

Conclusion

The Future of Jobs Report 2023 underscores the need for a multistakeholder approach to address the challenges and opportunities of the evolving labor market. It highlights the importance of reskilling, adapting to technological and environmental changes, and promoting inclusive growth through DEI initiatives. The report serves as a valuable resource for understanding the shifts in job demand, skills requirements, and workforce strategies necessary to navigate the future of work.

Appendix Highlights

• Survey Methodology: The report is based on a survey of 803 companies, collectively employing over 11.3 million workers, across 27 industry clusters and 45 economies.
• Sectoral Breakdowns: The report includes detailed sectoral analyses of macrotrends, technology adoption, and skills.
• User Guides: Each Economy Profile, Industry Profile, and Skill Profile comes with a user guide to aid in their application.
• Contributors and Endnotes: The report acknowledges the contributions of various institutes and includes detailed endnotes for further reference.