印太战略报告（英）-美国白宫-2021.9.24-19页_197kb

U.S. Indo-Pacific Strategy Summary (February 2022)

Core Content

The U.S. Indo-Pacific Strategy, announced in February 2022, outlines a comprehensive vision for the region's future. It emphasizes the Indo-Pacific's importance as a hub of global population, economic activity, and strategic significance. The strategy is built on five key objectives: advancing a free and open Indo-Pacific, building connections within and beyond the region, driving regional prosperity, bolstering regional security, and building resilience against 21st-century transnational threats.

The United States is positioned as a key player in the Indo-Pacific, with a strong historical and strategic presence. The region is home to over half the world's population, 60% of global GDP, and two-thirds of global economic growth. It also holds 65% of the world's oceans and 25% of its land. The strategy acknowledges the growing challenges posed by the People's Republic of China (PRC), including economic coercion, territorial disputes, and cyber threats, and emphasizes the need for a united front to counter these.

Main Points

• Strategic Importance: The Indo-Pacific is central to U.S. security and prosperity. It supports over 3 million American jobs and receives nearly $900 billion in U.S. foreign direct investment.
• U.S. Commitment: The strategy reflects a bipartisan and enduring U.S. commitment to the region, with a focus on strengthening alliances and partnerships.
• PRC Challenges: The PRC is seen as a major challenge due to its economic, military, and technological influence. The U.S. aims to counter its coercive actions and maintain a rules-based order.
• Regional Resilience: The U.S. seeks to enhance the region's ability to adapt to 21st-century challenges, including climate change, pandemics, and nuclear proliferation.

Key Information

1. Advance a Free and Open Indo-Pacific

• Freedom and Openness: The U.S. supports a free and open Indo-Pacific where nations can make sovereign choices in line with international law.
• Democratic Institutions: Investments in democratic institutions, free press, and civil society are key to promoting openness.
• Technology and Cyber Space: The U.S. promotes an open, interoperable, and secure internet. It works with partners to establish technology standards aligned with democratic values.
• Combating Coercion: The U.S. will work with partners to resist economic coercion and uphold international law, especially in maritime domains.

2. Build Connections Within and Beyond the Region

• Alliances and Partnerships: The U.S. is renewing its five treaty alliances with Australia, Japan, the ROK, the Philippines, and Thailand, while expanding partnerships with India, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Vietnam, and the Pacific Islands.
• ASEAN Engagement: The U.S. supports ASEAN's centrality in regional governance and will deepen cooperation with ASEAN on health, climate, energy, and gender equity.
• Quad Cooperation: The U.S. will strengthen the Quad (U.S., India, Japan, Australia) to address global health, climate change, technology, and security.
• Euro-Atlantic Partners: The U.S. will collaborate with the EU, NATO, and other Euro-Atlantic partners to promote regional stability and shared interests.

3. Drive Indo-Pacific Prosperity

• Economic Integration: The U.S. is committed to strengthening economic ties, with two-way trade totaling $1.75 trillion in 2020 and U.S. FDI reaching $969 billion.
• Economic Framework: A new Indo-Pacific economic framework will be launched to promote high-standard trade, digital governance, and supply chain resilience.
• Infrastructure Development: The U.S. will invest in infrastructure through initiatives like the Build Back Better World (BBBW) program.
• Green Economy: The U.S. will support decarbonization and clean energy, aligning with global climate goals and promoting sustainable development.

4. Bolster Indo-Pacific Security

• Defense Presence: The U.S. maintains a strong defense presence in the region and will modernize its capabilities to deter aggression and counter coercion.
• Integrated Deterrence: The U.S. will integrate its efforts across domains, including space, cyberspace, and emerging technologies.
• Alliance Modernization: The U.S. will modernize its alliances with key partners and expand its security cooperation with India and the Pacific Islands.
• Regional Stability: The U.S. will work to ensure peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and will support the ROK and Japan in countering North Korean threats.

5. Build Regional Resilience to Transnational Threats

• Climate Action: The Indo-Pacific is the epicenter of climate change. The U.S. will work with partners to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement and reduce climate vulnerability.
• Pandemic Resilience: The U.S. will support regional health systems and work through WHO, G7, and G20 to enhance preparedness and response.
• Security Cooperation: The U.S. will expand its cooperation with partners to address terrorism, cyber threats, and natural disasters.

Indo-Pacific Action Plan

The strategy outlines ten core lines of effort over the next 12 to 24 months:

1. Drive New Resources to the Indo-Pacific: Expand diplomatic and development presence, including new embassies and consulates.
2. Lead an Indo-Pacific Economic Framework: Launch a new partnership to promote trade, digital governance, and supply chain security.
3. Reinforce Deterrence: Fund initiatives like the Pacific Deterrence Initiative and Maritime Security Initiative.
4. Modernize Military Posture: Develop new capabilities and concepts of operation, including nuclear-powered submarines via AUKUS.
5. Strengthen Partnerships: Deepen cooperation with India, ASEAN, and the Quad to address shared challenges.
6. Enhance Cybersecurity: Improve the region's ability to protect against and respond to cyber threats.
7. Support Infrastructure Development: Invest in high-standard infrastructure to boost economic growth and job creation.
8. Promote Digital Connectivity: Expand 5G and O-RAN technology to ensure a secure and open digital environment.
9. Advance Climate Resilience: Work with partners to reduce vulnerability to climate change and promote clean energy.
10. Invest in People-to-People Ties: Expand educational and professional exchanges, including the Quad Fellowship and YSEALI.

Conclusion

The U.S. Indo-Pacific Strategy is a long-term, comprehensive approach aimed at securing a free, open, and resilient Indo-Pacific. It emphasizes cooperation with allies and partners, modernization of security and economic frameworks, and addressing transnational challenges. The strategy is rooted in shared values and aims to shape a strategic environment that benefits the U.S. and its partners while promoting global stability and prosperity.