2013年-世界发展银行全球_India_Uttarakand_Disaster_June_2013___Joint_Rapid_Damage_and_Needs_Assessment_Report_92页_3mb

Summary of the Uttarakhand Disaster June 2013: Joint Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment Report

Core Content

The Uttarakhand Disaster of June 2013 was a severe natural calamity that caused extensive damage to infrastructure, livelihoods, and human lives. It was triggered by an unprecedented rainfall event that occurred two weeks earlier than expected, leading to flash floods and landslides in the state's higher Himalayan regions. The disaster affected over 900,000 people, including 70,000 tourists and 100,000 local inhabitants, and resulted in 580 deaths and over 5,400 people missing.

The districts of Bageshwar, Chamoli, Pithoragarh, Rudraprayag, and Uttarkashi were the most impacted, with the Kedarnath shrine area suffering particularly severe damage. The heavy rainfall, combined with the melting of the Chorabari glacier, caused a massive surge in water levels, leading to flash floods and the collapse of the moraine barrier, which resulted in catastrophic damage to the region. The event also caused widespread landslides and erosion, breaching roads and washing away bridges, severely disrupting transportation and communication.

Main Points

• Disaster Overview:

  • Unprecedented rainfall (cloud bursts and heavy to very heavy downpours) between June 15 and 17, 2013.
  • Flash floods and landslides affected the Mandakini, Alakananda, Bhagirathi, and other river basins.
  • The disaster coincided with the peak pilgrimage season, exacerbating its impact.

• Human and Economic Impact:

  • Over 580 lives were lost, more than 5,400 people were reported missing.
  • More than 4,200 villages were affected, and over 9,200 livestock were lost.
  • The economic loss was significant, with the report estimating total reconstruction costs at INR 39,641 million (US$ 661 million).

• Government Response:

  • The Government of Uttarakhand (GoU) initiated a large-scale emergency rescue and evacuation operation.
  • Over 110,000 people were evacuated using a combination of military and civilian helicopters, aircraft, and road vehicles.
  • The GoU ensured food and essential supplies for affected communities, especially those in remote and hard-to-reach areas.
  • Medical teams were deployed to provide services in disaster-affected zones.

• Assessment and Recovery Framework:

  • The JRDNA report was prepared by the GoU in collaboration with the World Bank (WB) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
  • The assessment was conducted between July 29 and August 7, 2013, covering various sectors including housing, public buildings, roads, urban and rural infrastructure, irrigation, livelihoods, tourism, energy, and forests.
  • The report aims to lay the foundation for a recovery and reconstruction framework that promotes "building-back-smarter" to enhance the state's resilience to future disasters and climate change.

Key Information

• Natural Hazards and Vulnerability:

  • Uttarakhand is a mountainous state with about 90% of its area covered by high Himalayan ranges and glaciers.
  • It is classified in Seismic Zone V, making it highly susceptible to earthquakes, landslides, cloud bursts, and flash floods.
  • The state has experienced major earthquakes in the past, including in 1991 (Uttarkashi) and 1999 (Chamoli).

• Methodology:

  • The JRDNA team conducted interviews with sectoral counterparts in the GoU and relied on field data from five worst-affected districts.
  • Due to bad weather and inaccessibility, independent on-site missions were not feasible, and state estimates were used.
  • The report includes preliminary damage assessments and cost estimates for various sectors.

• Sector-Wise Damage and Needs:

  • Housing: Over 3,320 houses were fully damaged, with reconstruction costs estimated at INR 1,505 million (US$ 25.08 million).
  • Public Buildings: Educational and health facilities were heavily impacted, with reconstruction costs at INR 1,029 million (US$ 17.15 million).
  • Roads and Bridges: The most expensive sector, with reconstruction costs at INR 27,103 million (US$ 451.71 million).
  • Urban Infrastructure: Damage to water supply, roads, drains, and sewerage systems, with costs at INR 1,268 million (US$ 21.13 million).
  • Rural Water Supply and Sanitation: Estimated reconstruction costs at INR 1,305 million (US$ 21.75 million).
  • Livelihoods: Significant losses in agriculture, horticulture, livestock, fisheries, and tourism-linked sectors, with costs at INR 1,668 million (US$ 27.80 million).
  • Irrigation Infrastructure: Estimated damages at INR 1,393 million (US$ 23.22 million).
  • Tourism Infrastructure: Damage to pilgrimage sites and related facilities, with reconstruction needs at INR 1,166 million (US$ 19.44 million).
  • Energy and Power: Estimated damages at INR 2,662 million (US$ 44.37 million).
  • Forests and Biodiversity: Estimated damages at INR 542 million (US$ 9.03 million).

Way Forward

• The report emphasizes the importance of sustainable and eco-friendly recovery and reconstruction.
• It highlights the need for integrated planning, transparency, and accountability in the recovery process.
• The GoU is committed to improving disaster risk reduction and management to build a more resilient Uttarakhand.
• The report serves as a foundation for a comprehensive recovery framework that includes both immediate and long-term interventions.

Conclusion

The Uttarakhand Disaster of June 2013 was a wake-up call for the state and the nation, highlighting the vulnerability of mountainous regions to extreme weather events. The JRDNA report provides a detailed damage and needs assessment, guiding the state in its recovery and reconstruction efforts. It also underscores the necessity of adopting modern technologies and science-based approaches for better disaster risk management and long-term resilience.