2013年-世界发展银行全球_Rapid_Damage_Loss_and_Needs_Assessment_of_Winter_Storm_Alexa___A_Report_by_the_Palestinian_Authority_57页_2mb

Rapid Damage, Loss and Needs Assessment of Winter Storm Alexa

Core Content

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the severe winter storm Alexa, which struck the West Bank and Gaza from December 11 to 14, 2013. It outlines the damages and losses across key sectors, evaluates the emergency response, and proposes a long-term disaster risk management (DRM) framework to enhance resilience in the region.

Main Points

• Event Overview:

  • Winter storm Alexa was one of the strongest in the past 50 years, bringing heavy snowfall, rain, and strong winds.
  • It caused severe localized flooding, particularly in Gaza and parts of the West Bank.
  • The total rainfall over 4 days was equivalent to 75% of the average annual precipitation.

• Impact on Infrastructure:

  • Water & Sanitation: Damage amounted to $1.6 million, primarily affecting Gaza.
  • Electricity: Blackouts lasted up to 21 hours per day in Gaza and several days in some West Bank areas. Total damages were $29.3 million.
  • Transport: Damage was estimated at $19.4 million, including road structures and the fishing port in Gaza.

• Social Impact:

  • Housing: Approximately 21,000 households were affected, with many left without electricity.
  • Displacement: Around 10,000 people were displaced to temporary shelters, with some remaining in shelters a week after the storm.

• Productive Sector Impact:

  • Agriculture & Livestock: Suffered the highest damages and losses, totaling $99.88 million (65.4% of total), equivalent to about 0.5% of national GDP.
  • Agricultural Losses: Crops and livestock were severely affected, leading to supply shortfalls and price increases of up to 50% in local markets.

• Economic Losses:

  • Total estimated damages and losses: $152.68 million.
  • Economic losses were $78.97 million, with asset damages at $73.71 million.
  • The total economic impact is likely higher due to limited data and unassessed sectors like education and health.

• Recovery Needs:

  • Total recovery and reconstruction needs are estimated at $96 million.
  • The report emphasizes a "build back better" approach to ensure infrastructure resilience against future disasters.
  • The majority of needs are in the water and sanitation sector, followed by energy and transport.

• Recommendations:

  • Develop and adopt a DRM policy with a legal framework and risk reduction activities.
  • Establish a network of hydro-meteorological sensors and early warning systems.
  • Strengthen emergency management and preparedness capacity.
  • Improve coordination and data sharing between central and local governments.
  • Implement a decentralized decision-support system for vulnerable communities.

Key Information

• Affected Areas:

  • Gaza and parts of the West Bank, particularly the governorates of Hebron, Bethlehem, Ramallah, Salfeet, and Nablus.

• Humanitarian Response:

  • Civil Defense teams, UN agencies, and local organizations provided emergency assistance.
  • WFP provided food aid to 181 families and vouchers to 40 families.

• Economic Context:

  • The West Bank and Gaza have a combined population of 4.3 million, with a high unemployment rate (22% in 2013).
  • The economy is heavily reliant on agricultural products, and the storm significantly disrupted economic activity.

• Historical Context:

  • The region is prone to natural hazards like storms, flash floods, landslides, and earthquakes.
  • Previous storms (e.g., in January 2013) also caused significant damage, indicating a pattern of extreme weather events.

• Support and Coordination:

  • The assessment was coordinated by the World Bank, UN, and the Palestinian Authority (PA).
  • GFDRR provided technical and financial support for the rapid assessment.

Sectoral Recovery and Reconstruction Needs

• Water and Sanitation: Immediate needs include repairing damaged infrastructure, with a total estimated need of $1.6 million.
• Energy: The electricity sector required significant investment, with $29.3 million in damages.
• Transport: Road damage and fishing port destruction were estimated at $19.4 million.
• Housing: Damage was $2.497 million, with many homes left without electricity.
• Agriculture and Livestock: The largest need, with $99.88 million in damages and losses, requiring immediate and medium-to-long-term interventions.

Conclusion

The report underscores the vulnerability of the West Bank and Gaza to extreme weather events and highlights the urgent need for a coordinated, long-term DRM strategy. It also stresses the importance of enhancing institutional capacity, improving data sharing, and implementing resilient infrastructure to mitigate future disaster impacts.