2010年-世界发展银行全球_Damage_Loss_and_Needs_Assessment_Guidance_Notes___Volume_3_Estimation_of_Post-Disaster_Needs_for_Recovery_and_Reconstruction_62页_2mb

Damage, Loss and Needs Assessment: Volume 3 Summary

Core Content

Volume 3 of the DaLA Guidance Notes focuses on the estimation of post-disaster needs for recovery and reconstruction, building on the methodologies established by ECLAC and further developed by the World Bank's Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR). It aims to provide a structured and quantitative approach to determining the financial requirements necessary to restore economic and social activities to pre-disaster levels, or better.

Main Views

• Post-disaster needs assessments are essential for identifying the financial resources required for recovery and reconstruction.
• The DaLA methodology is a globally recognized tool that enables the systematic quantification of disaster impacts and the identification of recovery needs.
• The assessment must be comprehensive, covering all sectors of the economy and society, and must account for geographic, temporal, and demographic variations.
• Recovery and reconstruction are treated as separate but related processes, with recovery focusing on restoring normal functions and reconstruction aiming for resilience and improvement.
• The "Build Back Better" principle is emphasized, encouraging the integration of disaster risk reduction and sustainable development into recovery and reconstruction efforts.

Key Information

1. Estimation of Recovery Needs

Recovery needs are estimated based on the impact on economic and social sectors, and are typically short to medium-term interventions aimed at mitigating disaster effects and restoring normalcy.

Sectors Covered:

• Social Sectors: Housing, education, health, and income recovery.
• Productive Sectors: Agriculture, livestock, fishery, industry, trade, and tourism.
• Infrastructure Sectors: Water and sanitation, electricity, transport, and communication.

2. Income Recovery

• Personal or household income recovery is estimated based on the value of production losses.
• Cash-for-work schemes are used to help the most affected populations regain income, especially those not creditworthy.
• The ceiling for such schemes is determined by the estimated income losses.
• Food-for-work programs may be implemented alongside cash-for-work, but their combined value should not exceed the estimated income loss to avoid dependency.

3. Housing Recovery

• Recovery includes temporary shelters, technical assistance for resilient housing, and free materials for the poor.
• The cost and duration of temporary shelters are estimated based on the extent of damage and the capacity of the construction sector.
• Additional costs may arise from water supply, sanitation, electricity, and transport if required.
• Demolition and rubble removal costs must also be included in the estimation.

4. Education Recovery

• Recovery involves reactivating educational activities, including using undamaged facilities with multiple shifts, renting alternative premises, and setting up temporary classrooms.
• Schools used as shelters may require repairs due to damage from overuse.
• Replacement of educational materials and equipment is an urgent need and should not be delayed.

5. Productive Sectors Recovery

• Recovery activities in productive sectors focus on restarting economic activities.
• This includes provision of inputs for re-planting crops, grants and soft loans for micro to medium enterprises, and temporary tax relief for other enterprises.
• Sector-specific economic impact is analyzed to determine the need for targeted recovery programs.

6. Infrastructure Recovery

• Infrastructure recovery involves rebuilding and repairing essential services such as water, electricity, transport, and communication.
• The focus is on restoring basic services and lifelines to ensure the continuity of economic and social activities.

7. Temporary Tax Relief Schemes

• These are part of the recovery efforts for productive sectors.
• They are used to reduce the financial burden on affected businesses during the recovery phase.

Additional Considerations

• Needs are estimated using quantitative data to ensure credibility and reliability.
• The spatial and temporal distribution of needs is crucial for effective resource allocation.
• Population groupings such as children, women, the elderly, and the poor must be considered, as they have different vulnerabilities.
• Government roles include allocating fiscal resources, engaging with development banks, and modifying national development plans to incorporate recovery and reconstruction objectives.
• Collaboration with the international community is necessary to secure additional financial and technical support.

Conclusion

Volume 3 of the DaLA Guidance Notes provides a structured approach to estimating the financial needs for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. It emphasizes the importance of comprehensive, quantitative, and inclusive assessments that take into account the different levels of impact across sectors and populations. The methodology supports "Build Back Better" principles and is designed for practical application in the field, helping to ensure that recovery efforts are effective, equitable, and sustainable.