2010年-世界发展银行全球_Cambodia___Post-Ketsana_Disaster_Needs_Assessment_134页_4mb

Cambodia Post-Ketsana Disaster Needs Assessment Summary

Core Content

The Post-Ketsana Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) was conducted in response to the devastating impact of Typhoon Ketsana, which struck Cambodia between September 29 and October 5, 2009. The typhoon caused widespread damage across 14 out of 24 provinces, with the northern region, particularly Kampong Thom, being the most severely affected. The disaster resulted in 43 deaths, 67 severe injuries, and damage to the livelihoods of 49,000 families, impacting approximately 180,000 people or 1.4% of Cambodia’s population.

The PDNA was a comprehensive assessment carried out by the Royal Government of Cambodia, with support from international partners such as the World Bank, GFDRR, UN System, ADB, and ADPC. It aimed to evaluate both short-term recovery needs and long-term reconstruction strategies to ensure disaster resilience in the country. This was the first time Cambodia undertook such an assessment, reflecting its commitment to disaster preparedness and risk management.

Main Report Overview

The report is structured into five main sections:

1. The 2009 Ketsana Typhoon in the Socio-Economic Context of Cambodia

   • Details the immediate impact of the typhoon and flash floods.
   • Describes the socio-economic background of the affected areas, emphasizing that most are among the poorest regions.
   • Highlights the vulnerability of these areas to natural disasters due to their geographical and economic conditions.

2. Summary of Assessment and Sectoral Reports

   • Outlines the PDNA methodology, which is based on a proven framework developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
   • Provides an overview of damage and loss across different sectors, including infrastructure, social sectors, productive sectors, and cross-cutting sectors.

3. Macro-Economic and Social Impacts

   • The typhoon caused an estimated USD 17 million loss to GDP, primarily due to rice crop damage, reducing the expected economic growth rate from 2.1% to 1.9% for 2009.
   • Social impacts were significant, especially on education, housing, and health sectors.
   • Vulnerable groups, such as children, women, and the elderly, were disproportionately affected.

4. Disaster Risk Management in Cambodia

   • Reviews the institutional and legal framework for disaster management, including national and sub-national levels.
   • Identifies gaps in preparedness and response, and outlines priorities for disaster risk reduction (DRR).
   • Emphasizes the need for integrating DRR into development planning and improving early warning systems, public awareness, and capacity building.

5. Recovery and Reconstruction Requirements

   • Defines guiding principles for recovery, such as rebuilding to be disaster-resilient.
   • Lists sector-specific recovery and reconstruction needs, including transport, agriculture, water management, energy, education, housing, and health.
   • Highlights tentative donor commitments to support these efforts.

Key Sectors and Their Impact

Infrastructure Sector

• Total damage and loss: USD 28.7 million
• Transport subsector: USD 25.5 million, the largest portion.
  • Damage to road networks in 18 provinces.
  • Impact on freight and passenger travel times due to deteriorated roads.
• Water Supply and Sanitation: USD 0.5 million
  • Most affected in Kampong Thom, Stung Treng, and Kratie.
  • Damage to pipe networks and disruption of water supply.
• Water Management and Irrigation: USD 2.8 million
  • Due to canal erosion and removal of stone pitching.
• Energy: USD 0.32 million
  • Damage to electricity infrastructure and revenue loss.

Social Sectors

• Education: USD 24 million
  • 12% of schools were affected, with many closed due to flooding or inaccessibility.
  • Poor construction quality (e.g., non-reinforced concrete floors and loosely fitted roof tiles) was a key factor.
• Housing: USD 18.5 million
  • Most affected in Kampong Thom, Preah Vihear, Ratanak Kiri, and Kratie.
  • Damage to residential buildings and shelter facilities.
• Health: USD 96,487
  • While most health centers remained intact, access to health care for vulnerable populations was compromised.

Productive Sectors

• Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries: USD 56.5 million
  • Affected 10 provinces, destroying 40,136 hectares of land and damaging 67,355 hectares of rice crops.
  • Severe impact on meat production and fisheries.
• Industry and Commerce: USD 3.5 million
  • Mainly affected micro- and agro-industrial enterprises, which are vital to the economy.

Key Findings and Priorities

• The total estimated damage and loss from the Ketsana Typhoon was USD 132 million, with USD 74 million in losses.
• The PDNA emphasized the need for disaster-resilient recovery and reconstruction to avoid repeating the cycle of damage.
• The Government and its partners worked closely to coordinate relief efforts, including emergency aid, evacuations, and logistical support.
• Donor support was crucial in enabling the PDNA and subsequent recovery efforts, with GFDRR and the World Bank playing key roles.
• Recovery efforts should be completed within 24 months, with long-term investments aimed at building resilience and sustainable development.

Conclusion

The PDNA serves as a comprehensive guide for recovery and long-term development, highlighting the need for disaster-resilient infrastructure, improved risk management, and sustainable livelihood restoration. It underscores the importance of integrating disaster risk reduction into national and provincial development plans, especially in the context of climate change. The report also recognizes the crucial role of international partners in supporting Cambodia's recovery and resilience-building efforts.