2013年-世界发展银行全球_Cyclone_Phailin_in_Odisha_October_2013___Rapid_Damage_and_Needs_Assessment_Report_60页_1mb

Summary of Cyclone Phailin Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment Report, Odisha, 2013

Core Content

The Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA) Report on Cyclone Phailin in Odisha, India, conducted in November 2013 following the cyclone's landfall on October 12, 2013, provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of the disaster and outlines the recovery and reconstruction needs. The report was prepared jointly by the Government of Odisha (GoO), the World Bank (WB), and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in response to a request from the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) of the Government of India (GoI).

Main Points

1. Cyclone Overview

• Cyclone Phailin was a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (VSCS) that made landfall near Gopalpur in Ganjam district.
• It had maximum wind speeds of 220 kmph, leading to massive destruction.
• The storm caused extensive flooding with storm surges up to 3.5 meters, impacting Ganjam, Puri, Khordha, and the Chilika lagoon.
• The cyclone affected about 13.2 million people in 18 districts and over 18,370 villages.
• 44 people were reported dead, and 256,633 homes were damaged.

2. Government Response and Preparedness

• The GoO and OSDMA were proactive in preparing for the cyclone.
• Over 1 million people were evacuated within 36 hours of the cyclone's landfall, marking one of the largest evacuations in India’s history.
• 4,197 free kitchen centers were opened to provide food to affected populations.
• 185 medical teams and 338 medical relief centers were established.
• The government worked closely with ODRAF, NDRF, CRPF, OSAP, and IAF to ensure effective rescue and relief operations.
• Government holidays were canceled during the cyclone, and 30 NGOs were engaged in vulnerable areas.

3. Damage Assessment

• The report covers sector-wise damage and recovery needs, including:
  • Housing: Severe damage to both pucca and kutcha homes.
  • Public buildings: Extensive damage to infrastructure.
  • Heritage monuments: Damage reported in some areas.
  • Roads and infrastructure: Significant disruption to urban and rural infrastructure.
  • Agriculture and livestock: Over 1.29 million hectares of land affected, with 50% loss in crops and livestock casualties.
  • Fisheries and MSMEs: 44,806 fishermen households and 1,564 artisan households impacted.
  • Power and communication: All telecommunication and power lines were disrupted.

4. Recovery Needs and Strategy

• The total estimated reconstruction cost was INR 89,020 million (equivalent to US$ 1,450 million).
• The major sectors with the highest costs were Housing (33%) and Agriculture and Livestock (30%).
• The GoO aims to 'build back smarter' to enhance resilience and reduce future risks.
• Recovery strategy includes:
  • Upgrading informal settlements with storm water drainage and access roads.
  • Reconstructing resilient housing and additional cyclone shelters.
  • Strengthening embankments and power infrastructure.
  • Improving risk knowledge management and forest resources.
  • Ensuring sustainable livelihoods for communities dependent on agriculture and fisheries.

Key Information

• Cyclone Season: Odisha has two cyclone seasons — pre-monsoon (April–May) and post-monsoon (September–November).
• Cyclone Impact: The cyclone caused extensive damage to coastal districts, especially Ganjam, with 2,812 villages affected.
• Data Collection: The assessment team visited three districts — Ganjam, Khordha, and Puri — and collaborated with line departments to collect and analyze data.
• Methodology: The report is based on data from the GoO up to December 2, 2013, and includes sector-wise breakdowns.
• Collaboration: The RDNA was conducted in partnership with WB, ADB, and GoO, with support from NDMA and DEA.
• Limitations: Data scope and coverage varied across sectors, with some based on most affected districts and others on the entire state.

Conclusion

The RDNA Report serves as a foundation for recovery and reconstruction in Odisha, highlighting the importance of disaster preparedness and resilience-building. The low casualty rate compared to the 1999 Super Cyclone was attributed to effective government coordination, evacuation efforts, and pre-positioning of resources. The report emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and multi-sectoral recovery framework to safeguard the population and strengthen disaster risk management in the state.