2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Kenya_2021_country_profile_10页_374kb

Kenya's Tobacco Control Profile (WHO Report, 2021)

Overview

Kenya has ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and implements measures to reduce tobacco use through the MPOWER framework. The country profile details tobacco control efforts, including taxation, health warnings, advertising bans, and treatment programs.

• FCTC Compliance: Signed and ratified on 25 June 2004, with a middle-income population of approximately 53.7 million.

• National Tobacco Control Program: Established with limited resources; government expenditures reported in 2007 (USD 45,000), and staffing includes 2 FTE roles. No recent updates on budget.

• Tobacco Use Prevalence: High levels of tobacco use observed. Data from STEPS survey (2015) shows cigarette smoking prevalence: males (18-69): 23.0%, females: 4.1% (31 December 2020). Adolescents (2013 data): males 12.8%, females 6.7%. WHO age-standardized estimates for 2019 show smoking prevalence around 11.6% for both sexes, with affordability concerns noted.

• Treatment of Tobacco Dependence: Some services exist but not fully accessible; health insurance does not cover cessation costs broadly. No comprehensive quit lines or cost-covered NRT.

• Health Warnings: Mandatory on cigarette packages with 40% front and 50% rear coverage; includes photos, prohibits misleading terms. Compliance is full for all required elements.

• Mass Media Campaigns: No national anti-tobacco campaigns conducted between 2018 and 2020.

• Advertising Bans: Full compliance for direct bans (e.g., media, point-of-sale). Indirect bans on promotion and sponsorship are partially implemented, with a compliance score of 5. Fines for violations are enforced.

• Taxation and Affordability: High taxes on cigarettes (average tax rate of 39.05% of retail price), making cigarettes less affordable; affordability declined since 2010. No tax revenues earmarked for health. For electronic products, tax data not available.

• Subnational Laws: Covered by national legislation, ensuring uniform implementation.

Findings

Kenya shows moderate adherence to tobacco control policies, with strengths in taxation and advertising bans, but gaps in cessation services, media campaigns, and equity in access to treatments. Continuous improvement needed to address affordability and smoking prevalence. No major trends down or up in compliance without specified exemptions. 고
Note: The summary is based on the extracted MPOWER and specific data points, adhering to the professional, factual tone requested.