2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Eritrea_2021_country_profile_10页_374kb

Eritrea MPOWER Summary

Core Content Overview

Eritrea's tobacco control profile is outlined in the WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2021, focusing on the MPOWER framework, which includes six key measures: Monitoring, Smoke-free Environments, Cessation Programmes, Health Warnings, Mass Media, and Advertising Bans. The compliance of these measures is scored from 0 to 10, with 10 being the highest level of compliance.

Key MPOWER Measures

1. Monitoring Tobacco Use and Prevention Policies

• Nationally representative surveys of adults: No recent survey in the past 5 years.
• Nationally representative surveys of adolescents: No recent survey in the past 5 years.
• Tobacco use prevalence (2010):
  • Male: Current 18.5%, Daily 18.2%
  • Female: Current 0.3%, Daily 0.3%
  • Both sexes: Current 3.6%, Daily 3.3%

2. Smoke-Free Environments

• Compliance score: Not applicable (no data).
• Smoke-free laws: No complete smoke-free laws in any public places.
• Subnational laws: No subnational authority to adopt smoke-free laws.

3. Cessation Programmes

• Treatment of tobacco dependence (2020):
  • No toll-free quit line or help line.
  • No nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) available.
  • No cessation support available in health clinics, hospitals, or other health facilities.
  • No coverage of cessation support by health insurance or national health service.

4. Health Warnings

• Health warnings on tobacco packages (2020):
  • Mandated: Yes for all tobacco products.
  • Coverage: 30% of principal display areas.
  • Placement: Front and rear combined.
  • Language: Not in the principal language(s).
  • Font style, size, and colour: Not mandated.
  • Rotating warnings: No.
  • Warnings not obscured: No.
  • Graphics or photos: No.
  • Description of harmful effects: No.
  • Specific warnings: No.
  • Fines for violations: Yes.
  • Misleading terms: Banned (e.g., "light", "mild").
  • Figurative signs: Banned.
  • Flavours on packaging: Not banned.
  • Quantitative emissions: Not banned.
  • Qualitative information: Not mandated.
  • Point of sale display: Not banned.
  • Tobacco vending machines: Banned.
  • Internet sales: Banned.

5. Mass Media Campaigns

• Anti-tobacco mass media campaigns (2018–2020):
  • No national campaigns conducted.
  • No data on research, testing, media placement, or evaluation.

6. Advertising Bans

• Direct advertising bans (2020):
  • Banned on national and international TV, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and internet.
  • Fines for violations: Yes.
• Indirect advertising bans:
  • Banned on tobacco promotion and sponsorship.
  • Tobacco products in TV/films: Not banned.
  • Prescribed anti-tobacco ads: Not required.
  • Tobacco vending machines: Banned.
  • Internet sales: Banned.
• Subnational laws: Covered by national legislation.

Taxation and Affordability

1. Tobacco taxation policy

• Tobacco taxation data (2020):
  • No data on the price of the lowest cost brand or premium brand of cigarettes.
  • Taxes on most sold brand:
    • No data on total taxes, specific excise, ad valorem excise, VAT, or import duty.
  • Affordability:
    • Cigarettes became less affordable since 2010.
    • No data on whether affordability has changed since 2018.

2. Earmarked tobacco taxes

• No data reported on the use of tobacco taxes for health purposes.

3. Annual tax revenues (2017)

• Total excise (specific and ad valorem): 70,769 ERN
• VAT and other sales taxes: 19,107.63 ERN
• Import duties: 17,692.25 ERN
• All other taxes: 0 ERN
• Total tax revenue: 107,568.88 ERN

Summary of MPOWER Compliance

Additional Notes

• WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: Not signed or ratified.
• Population: 3,546,427.
• Income group: Low-income.
• Compliance score: Not applicable for P and E.
• Eritrea's MPOWER score: Not provided in the document.