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报告摘要

Summary of "A Roadmap Toward a Common Framework for Measuring the Digital Economy"

Core Content

This report, prepared by the OECD for the G20 Digital Economy Task Force (DETF), outlines a comprehensive roadmap toward establishing a common framework for measuring the Digital Economy. It proposes a common definition of the Digital Economy and a set of key indicators for monitoring its impact on jobs, skills, and growth. The report also highlights the importance of international collaboration, data standardisation, and methodological consistency in improving the measurement of digital transformation across G20 economies.

Main Objectives

Develop a common definition of the Digital Economy that is flexible yet precise.
Propose a tiered framework to measure the Digital Economy at different levels (core, narrow, broad, and digital society).
Identify and recommend a set of core indicators for monitoring the Digital Economy across G20 countries.
Provide a practical roadmap for implementing these definitions and indicators.
Enhance the international comparability of digital economy data.

Key Themes and Concepts

1. The "Digital Measurement Ecosystem"

A variety of international initiatives and surveys have been developed to measure different aspects of the Digital Economy.
Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development (2004) laid the groundwork for ICT indicators to support development in developing countries.
The G20 Toolkit for Measuring the Digital Economy (2018) provided a set of 36 indicators across Infrastructure, Empowering Society, Innovation and Technology Adoption, and Jobs and Growth.
International organisations such as the OECD, ITU, UNCTAD, and UNESCO contribute to the development of indicators, definitions, and methodologies for measuring the Digital Economy.

2. Definitions and Measurement Challenges

There is no universally accepted definition of the Digital Economy, leading to variability in measurement.
The report proposes a comprehensive definition:

The Digital Economy incorporates all economic activity reliant on, or significantly enhanced by the use of digital inputs, including digital technologies, digital infrastructure, digital services and data. It refers to all producers and consumers, including government, that are utilising these digital inputs in their economic activities.
The tiered framework includes:
- Core: Digital content, ICT goods and services.
- Narrow: Core plus firms reliant on digital inputs.
- Broad: Core and narrow plus firms significantly enhanced by digital inputs.
- Digital Society: Includes zero-priced digital services and digitalised interactions not captured in GDP.
- An alternative measure based on transaction nature (digitally ordered/delivered).

3. Indicators for Measuring the Digital Economy

The report introduces 17 key indicators across the following themes:
- Infrastructure
- Empowering Society
- Innovation and Technology Adoption
These indicators are updated and expanded from the 2018 G20 Toolkit.
The indicators aim to reflect key aspects of the Digital Economy, including jobs, skills, and growth, and are aligned with international standards and economic theory.

4. Digital Economy Satellite Accounts and Digital Supply-Use Tables (SUTs)

Digital SUTs are proposed as a statistical framework to operationalise the tiered definitions.
These tables will help in generating consistent outputs across different definitions of the Digital Economy.
They are essential for integrating digital activities into national accounts and for comparative analysis.

5. G20 Indicators on Jobs, Skills, and Growth

A set of G20 indicators is proposed to monitor the impact of the Digital Economy on employment, skills, and economic growth.
These indicators are designed to:
- Address key facets of the Digital Economy.
- Reflect cross-cutting factors like gender differences.
- Use established definitions and sources.
- Be available frequently and widely across G20 economies.
The indicators also complement those used to monitor the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Key Recommendations

Adopt a common definition of the Digital Economy for G20 countries.
Develop and implement a set of core indicators for monitoring the Digital Economy.
Promote international cooperation and data standardisation.
Establish institutional arrangements and capabilities for data collection and dissemination.
Enhance methodological approaches and data sources, including web-scraped data and administrative data.
Encourage regular and comprehensive ICT usage surveys and data collection.

Conclusion

The report underscores the importance of a unified framework for measuring the Digital Economy to support policy-making and economic analysis. It highlights the ongoing digital transformation and the need for improved measurement to capture its full impact. The proposed roadmap outlines five key areas of work: Definitions, Indicators, Methodology and Data Collection, Dissemination, and Institutional Capabilities. By promoting international collaboration, standardisation, and consistent data collection, the report aims to enhance the accuracy and comparability of Digital Economy measurements globally.

References

OECD, ITU, ILO, IMF, UNCTAD, and UNSD provided input.
The report is part of the G20 Saudi Arabia Presidency's efforts to improve Digital Economy measurement.
It complements the G20 Toolkit and the 2017 Roadmap for Digitalisation.