2024年基础设施监测报告（英）_166页_8mb

报告摘要

Global private investment in infrastructure projects increased by 10% in 2023, with high-income countries (HICs) experiencing a 15% rise while low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) saw a slight decline. Debt financing (78%) dominated investment, with equity investment declining relatively.
Renewable energy and transport continue to lead in infrastructure investments, with renewables regaining prominence post-pandemic and growing 400% in hydrogen projects in 2023.
Secondary market activity declined 17% in 2023 due to higher interest rates, though volumes remain well above pre-pandemic levels.

Rising interest rates (top challenge for investors) and geopolitical risks hinder return generation.
Debt-to-equity ratio at ~80:20 remains stable across regions.
Green investments now account for over 60% of total infrastructure investment, driven by ESG integration and regulatory pressures.

Infrastructure debt demonstrates lower default rates (avg. 0.7% cumulative default rate for revenue-resilient projects) and higher recovery rates compared to non-financial corporate debt.
Infrastructure equity provides lower volatility returns, with renewables and digital infrastructure showing strong growth but facing transition risks.

Blended finance successfully mobilizes ~$2 of private capital for every $1 of public/philanthropic funding in many transactions.
Guarantees reduce risk and financing costs, particularly in LMICs, enabling ~$4.7 of private commercial debt for every $4.4 of guarantees.
Green infrastructure projects (renewables, circular economy) show improving financial performance with 10.0% returns over the last decade.

GRESB scores for infrastructure assets increased to 85.8 in 2024, with stronger progress in Environmental scoring.
68% of reporting assets have net-zero targets, though only 58% align with science-based frameworks.
14% of reporting assets assess transition risks, up significantly from 2023.

The infrastructure financing gap remains substantial, with most private capital concentrated in HICs (~82% of 2020-2024 fundraising).
Local currency financing in LMICs decreased 16 ppt to 37% of total financing, limiting market development in these regions.
MDBs/DFIs play a critical role in catalyzing private investment in emerging markets but face trade-offs between development impact and private return targets.

展开完整摘要