2003-12-31-世界卫生组织-2003-2004_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Cook_Islands_2页_63kb

Cook Islands STEPS Survey 2003-2004 Summary

1. Overview

• Period: September 2003 to May 2004.
• Stages Conducted: Step 1 (Socio-demographic & Behavioural), Step 2 (Physical Measurements), Step 3 (Biochemical Measurements).
• Population: Adults aged 25-64 years.
• Design: Multi-stage cluster sampling.
• Participants: 2036 adults (90% response rate).

2. Key Risk Factors

A. Tobacco Use

• Current Smokers: 43.9% (M: 46.6%, F: 41.1%).
• Daily Smokers: 33.3% (M: 37.5%, F: 28.8%).
• Age Started Smoking: Average 20.3 years (Daily Smokers).
• Manufactured Cigarettes: 62.3% of daily smokers used these (Mean: ~8.0/8.1/8.1).
• Lowest User: Males.

B. Alcohol Consumption

• Current Drinkers: 62.9% (M: 74.4%, F: 50.6%).
• Heavy Episodic Drinking: 74.7% (M: ~68.9-80.5%, F: ~47.8-55.5%).
• Abstainers (Past 12M): 10.3% (M: 7.7%, F: 13.2%).
• Abstainers (Lifetime): 26.8% (M: 17.9%, F: 36.3%).
• Highest Rates: Males for drinking and heavy drinking, Females for abstention.

C. Diet (Fruit & Vegetables)

• Fruit Intake: ~3.5 days/week (Mean consumption days). ~1.5 servings/day (Mean serving/day).
• Vegetable Intake: ~4.0 days/week. ~1.5 servings/day.
• Combined (F&V): ~2.0 servings/daily average. 81.8% consumed less than 5 servings/day (M: ~83.6%, F: ~79.9%).
• Highest Compliance: Females.

D. Physical Activity

• Low Activity: 75.3% (M: 74.4%, F: 76.3%). High Activity: 11.8% (M: 14.1%, F: 9.6%).
• Engage Vigorous Activity: 92.6% (median time: 0 minutes).

E. Body Measurements (Step 2)

• Mean BMI: 32.8 (M: 32.3, F: 33.3). Overweight (BMI>=25): 88.5% (M: ~90%, F: ~87%). Obese (BMI>=30): 61.4% (M: ~57%, F: ~66%).
• Waist Circumference: Average Males ~101cm.
• BP Systolic/Diastolic (Medication Inc): SBP: ~129.1/80.6 mmHg. Raised BP (SBP>=140/DBP>=90 or Medication): 33.2% (M: ~40.6%, F: ~25.5%). Females had higher SBP elevation but lower overall prevalence.
• Fasting Glucose: Mean ~6.1 mmol/L. Impaired Fasting Glycemia: 38% (M: 45%, F: 32%). Raised Fasting Glucose: 23.6% (M: ~26%, F: ~21%).
• Total Cholesterol: Mean ~5.1 mmol/L. Raised Cholesterol (>=5.0 mmol/L/190 mg/dl or Medication): 75.2% (M: ~77%, F: ~73%).

3. Summary of Combined Risk Factors

• Common Factor: High prevalence of overweight/obesity (88.5-89.8%). High prevalence of raised BP (33.3-40.6%) and high cholesterol (75.2-77.1%).
• Tobacco: Significant proportion of daily smokers (33.3%). Higher smoking rates in males.
• Diet & Inactivity: Suboptimal fruit/veg intake (<5 servings/d: 81.8-83.6%). High proportion low activity (<600 MET-min/wk: 75.3-74.4%). Low vigorous activity (92.6-95.8%).
• None of Risk Factors: Only 0.3% met none, 99.7% met at least one.
• Three+ Risk Factors: Very high prevalence across all age groups (70-85%).
  • Highest rate was in 45-64 year olds (80.5-83.8%).
  • Lowest rate was in 25-44 year olds (71.2-76.7%).