2003-12-31-世界卫生组织-2004_STEPS_Fact_sheet_American_Samoa_2页_63kb

American Samoa STEPS Survey Summary

Survey Overview

The American Samoa STEPS survey was conducted from June to August 2004, focusing on chronic disease risk factors in adults aged 25-64 years. It used a stratified cluster sampling design with a total of 2,072 participants to produce representative data for that age group.

Risk Factor Analysis

Step 1: Risk Behaviors

• Tobacco Use: Current daily smoking was highest among males (38.1%) compared to females (21.6%). Average smoking initiation age was around 20 years, and average daily cigarette consumption was higher for males.
• Alcohol Consumption: About 72.7% of males abstained or drank minimally, compared to 58.8% of females; however, risky drinking was higher among males. Females had lower rates of high-intensity drinking.
• Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: Most participants consumed fewer than 5 servings per day (86.7% overall, with little difference by sex). Mean intake was low across genders.
• Physical Activity: Low activity levels were widespread (62.2%), with high activity being rare (2.4%), despite varying median and average activity times.

Step 2: Physical Measurements

• Body Mass Index (BMI): Average BMI was high (34.9 kg/m²), with over 93.5% overweight or obese and 74.6% obese. Males and females showed similar trends but with higher obesity in females.
• Waist Circumference: Average was high, indicating central obesity. Males and females values were slightly lower than BMI risks but still concerning.
• Blood Pressure: Hypertension rates were significant (34.2% overall), with males having higher prevalence. Adjusted means showed elevated diastolic and systolic pressures across sexes.
• Other Measurements: Most participants with medication use had controlled values, but risk factors like high systolic or diastolic blood pressure were common, especially after medication adjustment.

Step 3: Biochemical Measurements

• Blood Glucose: Elevated glucose levels were seen in 47.3% of adults, with higher rates in males. Fasting means and thresholds indicated widespread prediabetes or diabetes.
• Blood Cholesterol: High cholesterol prevalence was 23.4%, with 23.1% in males and 23.7% in females; about 2.7% had very high levels above 6.5 mmol/L.

Comprehensive Risk Assessment

Approximately 89.6% of adults had at least three key risk factors, including smoking, poor diet, low activity, obesity, and hypertension. By age and sex, risk varied: younger adults (25–44) had 69.2% with raised risk, while older adults (45–64) had 76.7%. Only a very low percentage (0.4–0.5%) had low overall risk, with females showing slightly better outcomes on average.