2023-06-08-世界银行-波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那_公共部门劳动力市场及其影响（英）_68页_3mb

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Public Sector Labor Market Analysis

1. Executive Summary

The public sector labor market in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) influences employment choices and worker productivity. Public sector jobs are preferred due to high wages (19% premium over private sector), job security, and better benefits. However, weak recruitment practices, poor performance management, and limited training contribute to inefficiency, exacerbating unemployment, especially among youth and women.

2. Key Findings

Chapter 3: Employment Choices

• Public sector employment is large, accounting for 44% of formal salaried workers and disproportionately hiring highly educated individuals.
• Public sector workers earn a significant 19% wage premium compared to private sector counterparts, with higher benefits like health insurance and parental leave.
• Stronger preferences for public sector jobs, cited for higher salaries, job security, and better working conditions (48% vs. 29% for private).
• COVID-19 disproportionately affected private sector jobs, reinforcing preferences for public employment.

Chapter 4: Worker Productivity

• Recruitment lacks merit, with political connections cited as a top factor over 65% of public and private sector workers.
• Performance evaluations are irregular, and staff rarely receive recognition or promotions.
• Motivation is lower today compared to when joining, especially among younger workers, due to poor management and limited training.
• Digital tools and continuous training are underutilized for capacity building.

3. Recommendations

A. Better Data Management

1. Institutionalize data sharing across government levels and entities to improve HRM planning.
2. Establish unified databases for public employees (including SOEs) to enhance transparency.
3. Improve household surveys to accurately measure public-private wage gaps and HR practices.

B. Connecting People to Jobs
4. Address legal and social barriers to women’s employment through mentorship and childcare support.
5. Reform recruitment to attract more students into STEM fields and encourage private sector hiring.

C. Merit-Based Recruitment
6. Adopt competency-based exams and interviews for transparent recruitment.
7. Assess candidates’ public service motivation during interviews.

D. Investing in Training
8. Expand digital training platforms accessible through the Training Management System (TMS).
9. Align in-service training with competencies like leadership and critical thinking.

E. Strengthening Management Practices
10. Conduct regular, robust performance evaluations tied to rewards and sanctions.
11. Develop competency frameworks for leaders and provide leadership training.

4. Conclusion

The public sector labor market in BiH undermines job creation and productivity. Reforms focusing on transparent recruitment, performance management, and training can improve efficiency and address unemployment challenges.