可再生能源准备情况评估波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那IRENA_RRA_Bosnia_Herzegovina_2023-英-132页_11mb

Bosnia and Herzegovina Renewable Energy Readiness Assessment Summary

Introduction and Executive Summary

• Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is advancing its energy transition to meet EU integration and climate goals. The upcoming National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) and revised renewable energy laws aim to increase renewable energy deployment and reduce GHG emissions.
• Challenges include regulatory complexity, permitting delays, and financial barriers, while opportunities lie in simplifying administrative procedures, institutional capacity building, and aligning national and EU frameworks.

Energy Context

• BiH’s energy sector relies heavily on coal and hydropower, with significant untapped renewable potential (wind, solar, biomass).
• The country exports electricity but faces risks from volatile energy prices and carbon regulation alignment under the EU acquis.

Renewable Energy Potentials

• Hydropower: Dominant source, aging infrastructure needs modernization.
• Biomass: Significant potential, but sustainability challenges exist.
• Wind: Cost-competitive, suitable for targeted auctions and zones.
• Solar: High resource potential (e.g., Sarajevo), with geospatial potential estimates for 2.9 GW by 2030.

Rationale for Renewable Energy Development

• Driven by EU integration, climate commitments (NDC, Sofia Declaration), energy security, and economic diversification.
• Coal sector transition and decarbonization are critical due to environmental and socio-economic impacts of phase-out.

Action Plans and Strategies

• National strategies include the NECP (draft 2023) and revised renewable energy laws, aiming for a 58% renewable share in electricity by 2030.
• Legislative updates include:
  • Auction systems for large projects.
  • Prosumer models and renewable energy communities.
  • Guarantees of Origin frameworks under Energy Community guidelines.

Key Challenges

• Regulatory Performance: Complexity in quotas and permitting delays hinder project deployment.
• Financial Barriers: Banks prefer low-risk projects; financing access remains limited for renewables.
• Ambition Gaps: Misalignments between NECP targets and NDC objectives create planning inconsistencies.

Recommendations

1. Streamline Regulatory Frameworks: Simplify administrative procedures and adopt a "one-stop shop" for permits.
2. Enhance Institutional Capacities: Build capacity in regulators (FERK, RERS) and utilities for policy implementation.
3. Accelerate Auction Systems: Pilot open auctions to stimulate market-based renewable deployment.
4. Promote Financial Mechanisms: Utilize green bonds, blended finance, and sovereign guarantees.
5. Coordinate Sectoral Integration: Institutionalize NECP coordination to minimize duplications.
6. Strengthen Climate Alignment: Harmonize renewable targets in NDC updates with international commitments.

People Also Ask (FAQ)

• What are the renewable potential estimates? BiH has significant wind, solar, and hydropower resources (e.g., 2.9 GW solar potential).
• Why are international funds less utilized? Political complexity, project readiness, and lack of transparency deter foreign investment.

For more details, refer to the full IRENA report: Renewables Readiness Assessment: Bosnia and Herzegovina 2023.