2004-12-31-世界卫生组织-2005_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Nepal_2页_60kb

Nepal STEPS Survey 2005 Summary: Chronic Disease Risk Factors

The STEPS survey in Ilam, Tanahu, and Lalitpur districts of Nepal was conducted from August to December 2005. It aimed to assess risk factors for non-communicable diseases among adults aged 15-64, focusing on those aged 25-64. Using a multi-stage cluster sampling design, 7792 adults participated with a 92% response rate. A repeat survey was planned for 2008/9 if funding allowed.

Step 1: Socio-demographic and Behavioral Data

• Tobacco Use: Males had the highest daily smoking rate at 29.3%, followed by females at 18.6%. Average smoking initiation was around 19 years, with an average smoking duration of 28-30 years. Over 70% smoked manufactured cigarettes, with no significant gender differences in daily consumption.
• Alcohol Consumption: A small percentage reported alcohol intake. Males showed higher risky drinking patterns than females, with some indicating excessive daily consumption or multiple drinking days per week.
• Fruit and Vegetable Intake: Average daily servings were low, with under 5 combined servings reported by over 62-66% across genders.
• Physical Activity: Low activity levels (<600 MET-min/week) were reported by 24.3% overall. Activity patterns varied by category, with work-related activity being highest, while transport and recreational activity was similar across genders.

Step 2: Physical Measurements

• Body Mass Index (BMI): Average BMI was around 22.5, with overweight/obesity rates (BMI ≥25) at 15.4-23.3%. Obesity (BMI ≥30) was least common, affecting 1.8-2.7%.
• Blood Pressure: Mean systolic and diastolic pressures ranged from 136-142 and 84-88 mmHg, respectively. Hypertension prevalence (SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥90) was 24.5-32.4%, with some using more severe thresholds.

Summary of Key Risk Factors
The survey identified five primary risk factors: current daily smoking, low fruit/vegetable intake (<5 servings/day), low physical activity, overweight/obesity (BMI ≥25), and raised blood pressure. Less than 3% of adults had a raised risk profile (at least three factors), while 97% had low risk. Risk was similar across age groups and genders due to varying prevalence of each factor.