2005-12-30-世界卫生组织-2004-2006_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Kiribati_2页_63kb

Kiribati STEPS Survey 2004-2006 Summary

Survey Overview:

• Conducted from 2004 to 2006, covering Steps 1, 2, and 3.
  • Step 1: Collected sociodemographic and behavioral data (tobacco use, alcohol consumption, fruit/vegetable intake, physical activity).
  • Step 2: Measured physical metrics (height, weight, blood pressure).
  • Step 3: Assessed biochemical indicators (blood glucose, cholesterol).
• Target Population: Adults aged 15-64, using a multi-stage cluster sampling method.
• Sample Size: 1,755 participants.

Key Findings by Risk Factor (All data includes 95% CI unless specified otherwise):

Step 1: Tobacco Use

• Current Smoking: 58.0% of both sexes (54.6-61.4%) smoked tobacco; 74.1% of males (69.4-78.7%) and 43.1% of females (38.3-47.8%) smoked daily.
• Age of Initiation (Daily Smokers): Average age: Both sexes 18.4 (18.0-18.8), Males 17.6 (17.1-18.0), Females 19.7 (19.1-20.4).
• Manufactured Cigarettes: 44.4% (39.9-48.9%), males 43.6% (38.1-49.1%), females 45.7% (40.2-51.3%).
• Average Daily Cigarettes: Males 6.6 (5.5-7.8), females 4.4 (3.4-5.3). (*Note: Only daily smokers provided mean daily count.)

Step 1: Alcohol Consumption

• Abstention (No alcohol in past year): 69.6% (66.5-72.7%).
• Current Drinkers (Aged 15-64): Males 53.5% (42.2-50.7%), females 8.8% (5.8-11.7%). Combined abstainers 69.6%.

Step 1: Fruit & Vegetable Consumption (Mean per Week, incl. 95% CI):

• Fruit:
  • Days consumed (mean): Both sexes 1.6 (1.5-1.7).
  • Servings/day (mean): Both sexes 0.4 (0.4-0.5).
• Vegetables:
  • Days consumed (mean): Both sexes 2.0 (1.9-2.1).
  • Servings/day (mean): Both sexes 0.4 (0.4-0.4).
• Combined (Total Eq. Servings/Day): 99.5% (99.3-99.8%) consumed <5 servings daily (incl. CI for males, females).

Step 1: Physical Activity

• Low Activity: 44.3% (Both sexes) / 34.8% (Males) / 52.5% (Females).
• High Activity: 27.8% (Both sexes) / 38.5% (Males) / 18.4% (Females). (Note: Definitions require link to analysis guide.)
• Median Daily Activity Time: Both sexes 38.6 min, Males 60.0 min, Females 25.7 min.
• No Vigorous Activity: 78.2% (Both sexes) / 64.8% (Males) / 90.0% (Females).

Step 2: Physical Measurements

• Mean BMI: Both sexes 29.1 kg/m².
  • Males: 28.1 kg/m² (27.5-28.7)
  • Females: 30.1 kg/m² (29.5-30.6)
• Overweight (BMI ≥25%): 72.4% (Both sexes) / 67.2% (Males) / 77.4% (Females).
• Obesity (BMI ≥30%): 40.0% (Both sexes) / 32.3% (Males) / 47.2% (Females).
• Waist Circumference (Mean): Males 92.6 cm (88.3-93.9), Females 90.0 cm (n/a).
• SBP (excluding medication): Males 118.7 mmHg (118.1-119.3), Females 113.4 mmHg (112.6-114.3).
• DBP (excluding medication): Males 75.6 mmHg (74.7-76.4), Females 73.2 mmHg (72.4-74.0).
• Raised BP (SBP ≥140 OR DBP ≥90 OR med): 13.5% (Both sexes) / 16.2% (Males) / 11.0% (Females).
• Severe Raised BP (SBP ≥160 OR DBP ≥100 OR med): 4.4% (Both sexes) / 5.2% (Males) / 3.6% (Females).

Step 3: Biochemical Measurements

• Mean Fasting Glucose (excluding med): Both sexes 5.6 mmol/L.
  • Males 5.7 mmol/L (5.6-5.9), Females 5.4 mmol/L (5.3-5.6).
• Raised Fasting Glucose (Def.) OR Med: 20.4% (Both sexes) / 22.0% (Males) / 19.0% (Females). (Def.: Capillary Whole Blood ≥6.1).
• Mean Total Cholesterol: Both sexes 4.7 mmol/L.
  • Males 4.6 mmol/L (4.6-4.7? Clarify range), Females 4.7 mmol/L (4.6-4.7).
• Raised Total Cholesterol (≥5.0 OR ≥190): 25.2% (Both sexes) / 22.5% (Males) / 27.1% (Females).
• High-Risk Total Cholesterol (≥6.2 OR ≥240): 3.2% (Both sexes) / 2.4% (Males) / 3.7% (Females).

Summary of Combined Risk Factors (Adults 15-64):

• Key risk factors: Current daily smoking, excessive high-sodium intake (low activity/f&v), being overweight, raised blood pressure, potentially high total cholesterol.
• No Risk Factors: 0.1% (Mixed CIs).
• Age Group 25-44: Very high prevalence of having at least three risk factors (≥71%).
• Age Group 45-64: Highest prevalence of having at least three risk factors (≥75%).
• Overall (All ages 25-64): Over 74% had three or more risk factors.