2006-12-31-世界卫生组织-2007_STEPS_Fact_sheet_Iran_Islamic_Republic_of_2页_64kb

Iran STEPS Survey 2007 Summary

The third round of the Iran STEPS (Step-wise Approach to Surveillance) survey for chronic disease risk factors was conducted in 2007, from May to June. It involved 30,000 adults aged 15-64 years, using a cluster sampling method to ensure representative data. The survey assessed three key steps: behavioral factors (Step 1), physical measurements (Step 2), and biochemical measurements (Step 3).

Step 1: Behavioral Factors

• Tobacco use: A high percentage of males (21.65%) smoked tobacco daily, with an average age of initiation around 19.5 years and an average of about 13 years of smoking. Females had a much lower rate (0.88%).
• Alcohol consumption: Data is incomplete, but some indicators were available; for example, the percentage of those drinking at least four drinks on one day in the past week for women and men was not fully reported.
• Fruit and vegetable consumption: Average daily intake was about one serving for both fruits and vegetables combined, falling short of recommended levels; only 12-14% consumed five or more combined servings per day.
• Physical activity: A large proportion reported low activity levels (<600 MET-minutes/week), with specific median times for work- and transport-related activity, but recreational activity was rare or none.

Step 2: Physical Measurements

• Body mass index (BMI): Average BMI was about 25.1, with 46% classified as overweight or obese (BMI ≥25), and 22% as obese (BMI ≥30). Obese rates varied by gender, being highest in females.
• Waist circumference: Average was around 84.6 cm, indicating central obesity.
• Blood pressure: Elevated levels (≥140/90 mmHg) were found in 17.38% of the population, rising slightly with age.

Step 3: Biochemical Measurements

• Blood glucose: Average levels were normal, but 9.7% had elevated glucose (≥7.0 mmol/L).
• Total cholesterol: 32.8% had high levels (≥5.2 mmol/L), and a higher proportion (up to 36%) had levels ≥6.5 mmol/L, particularly in females.

Overall Risk Summary

• Key combined risk factors included smoking, low fruit and vegetable intake, physical inactivity, overweight/obesity, and high blood pressure.
• Fewer than 4% of adults had low risk (no factors), while the percentage with raised risk (at least three factors) was high, increasing with age (22.21% in 15-44 years, 52.29% in 45-64 years).
• The survey preceded the fourth STEPS survey in 2008, providing insights into modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases in Iran.