2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Portugal_2021_country_profile_10页_344kb

报告摘要

Portugal Tobacco Control Profile Summary (WHO 2021)

MPOWER Framework Compliance

Monitoring: High compliance (Category 4). Recent and representative prevalence data for both adults and youth tobacco use exist.
Smoke-free Environments: High compliance (Score 10). Cigarettes are banned in almost all public places, including offices, public transport, restaurants, cafés, bars, and all other public places. Strict designated smoking areas are permitted. Fines are levied for non-compliance.
Cessation Programmes: Moderate-High compliance (Score 8). A national government-supported quit line (9) with knowledgeable staff exists but does not fully cover cessation support costs. NRT availability (not essential/drug list items for some), purchase legality (often pharmacy, sometimes Rx), and coverage (partial) vary. Some cessation support costs are partially covered by national health insurance.
Health Warnings: Moderate-High compliance (Score 8). Rotating health warnings (65% principal display front) with photos and standard rotation, displayed prominently (percentage required, principal language). Applies to all tobacco products.
Mass Media: Low compliance (Category 1/None or Ban on media). No national anti-tobacco mass media campaigns conducted between 1 July 2018 and 30 June 2020.
Advertising Bans: Moderate-High compliance (Direct 8, Indirect 6). Strong direct advertising bans for tobacco (+8 points) covering media and outside materials. No free distribution, reduced promotion discounts, no branding identifiers, bans on product placement. Some indirect promotion/spONSORship restrictions, no tobacco industry funding/support for prevention campaigns.
Taxation: High-Critical compliance (Tax Share ≥50%/75%. Affiliate affordability decreased). Taxes constitute 78.61% of the most sold cigarette retail price (≥75%). While affordability decreased between 2010-2020 (factor negative), highest tax share in price category recorded.

Key Details

WHO FCTC: Signed 9 January 2004, Ratified 8 November 2005. High-income country.
Income Group: High-income.
Tobacco Tax: Excise is mixed (specific and ad valorem). No earmarking of tobacco tax revenues for health.
Prevalence (2010-2020):
- Cigarettes: High male prevalence (30.9%), male/female gap existed (20.1% female). Average adult daily cigarette smoking prevalence age-standardized 25.5% (2019 Model). Any tobacco smoking prevalence 30.9% male, 20.1% female.
- Youth (15-16): ESPAD 2019 showed lower daily cigarette use compared to adults.
Affordability: Tobacco products became less affordable between 2010 and 2020 (average increase in GDP needed to buy 100 packs).