2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Croatia_2021_country_profile_10页_344kb

Country Profile Summary: Croatia

Core Information

• Country: Croatia
• Population: 4,105,268
• Income Group: High-income
• WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC):
  • Signature Date: 2 June 2004
  • Ratification Date: 14 July 2008

MPOWER Measures Overview

MPOWER measures are scored on a scale of 0-10, with 10 being the highest level of compliance. Compliance is measured only for P (Protect people from tobacco smoke) and E (Enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship).

Compliance Score Colour Key

• Complete measure: Full compliance
• Moderate measure: Partial compliance
• Minimal measure: Limited compliance
• No policy or weak measure: No compliance
• Not categorized/No data: No data available

Monitoring Tobacco Use and Prevention Policies

• Nationally representative surveys of adults: Yes (Eurobarometer, 2017)
• Nationally representative surveys of adolescents: Yes (ESPAD, 2019)
• Tobacco use prevalence (2019):
  • Male: 38.3% (any tobacco use), 28.1% (daily cigarette smoking)
  • Female: 35.9% (any tobacco use), 23.3% (daily cigarette smoking)
  • Both sexes: 37.1% (any tobacco use), 25.7% (daily cigarette smoking)

Protect People from Tobacco Smoke

• Smoke-free laws (2020):
  • Health-care facilities: Yes
  • Educational facilities (excluding universities): Yes
  • Universities: Yes
  • Government facilities: Yes
  • Indoor offices and workplaces: Yes
  • Restaurants: ★ (designated smoking rooms with strict requirements)
  • Cafés, pubs and bars: No
  • Public transport: Yes
  • Other public places: —
• Compliance score: Not specified
• Fines for violations: Yes
• Complaint system: No

Offer Help to Quit Tobacco Use

• Toll-free quit line: Yes
• Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT):
  • Legal sale: Yes (available in pharmacies without a prescription)
  • Health insurance coverage: No
  • Essential drugs list: No
• Bupropion:
  • Legal sale: Yes (available in pharmacies with a prescription)
  • Health insurance coverage: No
• Varenicline:
  • Legal sale: Yes (available in pharmacies without a prescription)
  • Health insurance coverage: No
• Smoking cessation support availability:
  • Health clinics: Yes in some
  • Hospitals: Yes in some
  • Community: Yes in some
  • Other: Yes in some
• Health insurance coverage for support:
  • Health clinics: Fully
  • Hospitals: Fully
  • Community: No
  • Other: Fully

Warn About the Dangers of Tobacco

• Health warnings on tobacco packages (2020):
  • Mandatory: Yes for all tobacco types
  • Percentage of principal display area:
    • Cigarettes: 65% (front and rear combined)
    • Other smoked tobacco: 65% (front and rear combined)
    • Smokeless tobacco: 30% (front)
  • Font style, size and colour: Mandated for cigarettes and other smoked tobacco
  • Graphical warnings: Yes for cigarettes
  • Warnings in principal language: Yes
  • Warnings not obscured: Yes
  • Rotating warnings: Yes
  • Specific health warnings: 15 approved
  • Fines for violations: Yes
  • Ban on misleading descriptors: Yes

Enforce Bans on Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsorship

• Direct advertising bans (2020):
  • National TV and radio: Yes
  • International TV and radio: Yes (interpreted)
  • Local and international magazines/newspapers: Yes
  • Billboards and outdoor advertising: Yes
  • Advertising at point of sale: Yes
  • Internet advertising: Yes
  • Law requires fines for violations: Yes
• Indirect advertising bans:
  • Promotional discounts: Yes
  • Non-tobacco products identified with tobacco brand names: Yes
  • Ban on tobacco product display at point of sale: Yes
  • Ban on internet sales: Yes
  • Ban on tobacco vending machines: Yes
  • Ban on sponsorship contributions: Yes
  • Ban on publicizing sponsorship: Yes
  • Ban on CSR activities: Yes
• Subnational laws: No authority to adopt additional bans

Raise Taxes on Tobacco

• Tobacco taxation policy (2020):
  • Lowest cost brand (TIRSP): HRK 21.00
  • Premium brand (TIRSP): HRK 32.00
  • Most sold brand (standardized to 20 cigarettes): HRK 25.00
  • Taxes as % of retail price:
    • Total taxes: 83.60%
    • Specific excise: 29.60%
    • Ad valorem excise: 34.00%
    • VAT/sales tax: 20.00%
    • Import duty: 0.00%
    • Other taxes: 0.00%
• Affordability:
  • Cigarettes less affordable compared to 2018: Yes
  • Trend change between 2010 and 2020: No change

Use of Earmarked Tobacco Taxes for Health

• Earmarking reported: No

Supplementary Tax Information

• Type of excise applied: Mixed excise
• Uniform excise tax: Yes
• Greater reliance on specific tax: No
• Minimum specific tax in mixed regime: Yes
• Retail price used as base for ad valorem component: Yes
• Specific tax adjusted for inflation: No
• Price dispersion: 65.63% (cheapest brand price in premium brand price)
• Duty-free cigarette sales banned: No

Annual Tax Revenues from Tobacco Products (2019)

• Total Excise (specific and ad valorem): HRK 5,114,730,000
• VAT and other sales taxes: Not reported
• Import duties: Not reported
• All other taxes: Not reported
• Total tax revenue: Not reported

MPOWER Compliance Status

• Monitoring: Recent and representative data for both adults and youth
• Smoke-free environments: Complete absence of ban or limited coverage
• Cessation programmes: NRT and some cessation services (not cost-covered)
• Health warnings: Medium size warnings with all appropriate characteristics
• Mass media campaigns: No national campaign conducted between 2018 and 2020
• Taxation: ≥75% of retail price is tax

Key Points

• Croatia has ratified the WHO FCTC and implemented a range of tobacco control measures.
• Smoke-free laws are in place for most public places, but not for cafés, pubs, and bars.
• Health warnings on cigarette packages are comprehensive, with graphical and textual content.
• There is a national quit line, but cessation support is not fully covered by health insurance in all settings.
• Tobacco advertising is banned on all national and international TV, radio, and print media.
• Taxes on tobacco products are high, with total taxes accounting for over 80% of the retail price.
• Cigarettes have become less affordable in 2020 compared to 2018, but there is no overall trend change since 2010.
• No data on earmarking tobacco taxes for health purposes.
• No national anti-tobacco mass media campaigns were conducted between 2018 and 2020.
• Subnational jurisdictions do not have authority to adopt additional tobacco control laws.