世界银行-立即适应_全球呼吁应对气候变化的领导力（英文）-2019.9-90页_6mb

ADAPT NOW: A GLOBAL CALL FOR LEADERSHIP ON CLIMATE RESILIENCE

Core Content

The Global Commission on Adaptation (GCA) is a high-level initiative led by prominent figures such as Ban Ki-moon, Bill Gates, and Kristalina Georgieva, with support from 20 convening countries and a global network of research partners. The commission aims to elevate the political visibility of climate adaptation and inspire action across sectors and regions. The report "Adapt Now" outlines the urgent need for global leadership on climate resilience and provides actionable recommendations for key systems such as food security, water, cities, infrastructure, and disaster risk management.

Main Points

• Climate adaptation is essential for addressing the growing impacts of climate change, including extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and increasing water stress.
• The report emphasizes the triple dividend of adaptation: avoided losses, economic benefits, and social and environmental benefits.
• Investing in adaptation is not only a moral obligation but also an economic opportunity, with potential returns ranging from 2:1 to 10:1, and an estimated $7.1 trillion in net benefits from a $1.8 trillion investment by 2030.
• The GCA calls for a revolution in understanding, planning, and finance to ensure climate risks are integrated into decision-making and that resources are mobilized effectively for adaptation.

Key Sectors and Recommendations

• Food Security:

  • Global food demand will increase by 50% by 2050, but yields may decline by 30% without adaptation.
  • Recommendations include increasing agricultural R&D, aligning government finance with sustainable production, and improving access to information, technology, and finance for small-scale farmers.

• Natural Environment:

  • Nature-based solutions play a crucial role in regulating water flows, protecting shorelines, and cooling cities.
  • The report advocates for the protection and restoration of natural assets, including forests and wetlands, which can provide significant economic and social benefits.

• Water:

  • Climate change is deeply linked to water systems, and adaptation requires investments in healthy watersheds and efficient water use.
  • Countries that prioritize water management are more likely to adapt successfully, while those that neglect it face serious economic and social challenges.

• Cities and Urban Areas:

  • Urban areas, home to over half the global population, are critical for adaptation.
  • Recommendations include investing in climate risk information, upgrading infrastructure in informal settlements, and implementing nature-based solutions to address heat and water risks.

• Infrastructure:

  • Climate-proofing infrastructure is economically sound, with benefit-cost ratios of about 4:1.
  • The report calls for blended public-private approaches and prioritizing green infrastructure to enhance system resilience.

• Disaster Risk Management:

  • Climate change increases the frequency and intensity of disasters, requiring proactive planning and investment.
  • Early warning systems, improved forecasting, and social safety nets are key to reducing loss of life and economic damage.

• Financing Adaptation:

  • Both public and private sectors need to increase financial flows for adaptation.
  • The report highlights the importance of risk disclosure, incentives, and international support for developing countries.

The Immediate Imperative: A Year of Action

• The GCA has launched a Year of Action starting in September 2019, with key events including the UN Climate Action Summit and the Climate Adaptation Summit in the Netherlands in October 2020.
• The initiative includes Action Tracks to accelerate adaptation across sectors and regions, such as improving climate risk integration in financial planning, doubling agricultural research for resilience, and promoting nature-based solutions.
• The report encourages collaboration across all sectors of society, including governments, the private sector, civil society, and citizens, to drive urgent and equitable adaptation efforts.

Conclusion

The report underscores that climate adaptation is not optional but a necessary response to an ongoing crisis. It highlights the moral, environmental, and economic imperatives for action and provides a clear roadmap for governments, businesses, and communities to implement adaptation strategies that improve resilience, prosperity, and equity.