世界银行-立即适应：全球呼吁应对气候变化的领导力（英文）-2019.9-90页_5mb

ADAPT NOW: A Global Call for Leadership on Climate Resilience Summary

Core Content

The Global Commission on Adaptation (GCA) is a high-level initiative led by prominent global figures such as Ban Ki-moon, Bill Gates, and Kristalina Georgieva, and co-managed by the World Resources Institute and the Global Center on Adaptation. The Commission is convened by 20 countries and aims to elevate the political visibility of climate adaptation and inspire global action.

The ADAPT NOW report underscores the urgency of climate adaptation, emphasizing that it is a human, environmental, and economic imperative. It provides specific insights and recommendations in key sectors such as food security, natural environment, water, cities and urban areas, infrastructure, disaster risk management, and finance.

Main Points

• Climate change is a global threat that disproportionately affects vulnerable communities, especially those in poverty and fragile regions.
• Adaptation is not an alternative to mitigation, but an essential complement. It is necessary to avoid economic and human losses, reduce inequalities, and create opportunities.
• Investing in adaptation yields a triple dividend:
  • Avoided losses through proactive measures.
  • Economic benefits from reduced risks and increased productivity.
  • Social and environmental benefits from improved resilience and sustainability.

Key Sectors and Recommendations

Food Security

• Global food demand is expected to rise by 50% by 2050, but yields may decline by up to 30% without climate action.
• Recommendations include increasing agricultural R&D, aligning government finance and incentives with climate-smart production, and improving access to information, technology, and finance for small-scale farmers.

Natural Environment

• Nature-based solutions such as mangrove forests regulate water flows, protect shorelines, and cool cities.
• These solutions are also beneficial for mitigation and can contribute to one-third of the climate mitigation needed by 2030.
• The report calls for accelerating nature protection and restoration, and appropriately valuing natural assets in land use and investment decisions.

Water

• Climate change is deeply connected to water systems and resources.
• Recommendations include scaled-up investments in healthy watersheds and water infrastructure, dramatic improvements in water use efficiency, and integration of new climate risks into planning and operations.
• Countries that prioritize water management are more likely to adapt and prosper.

Cities and Urban Areas

• Over 50% of the global population lives in urban areas, which are centers of innovation and opportunity.
• Adaptation in cities can generate high economic returns and is essential for resilient urban services.
• Cities need to invest in climate risk information, technical capacity, and nature-based solutions to address water and heat risks.
• Informal settlements are especially vulnerable and require upgrading living conditions.

Infrastructure

• Infrastructure systems such as ports, roads, power, sanitation, and communications are at risk from climate change.
• The report advocates for climate-proofing existing infrastructure and building new resilient infrastructure, which provides benefit-cost ratios of 4:1.
• It calls for blended public-private approaches and prioritizing green infrastructure.

Disaster Risk Management

• Climate change is increasing the intensity and frequency of disasters such as hurricanes, floods, heat waves, and wildfires.
• Proactive measures to prevent, protect, and recover from these events are essential.
• The report emphasizes scaling up early warning systems, forecast-based planning, and social safety nets to reduce loss of life and economic impacts.

The Way Forward: The Year of Action

• The GCA is committed to driving Action Tracks over the next 15 months to accelerate adaptation.

• These tracks include:

  • Integrating climate risk into national financial planning.
  • Increasing devolved and decentralized funding for local governments and communities.
  • Doubling the scale of agricultural research for climate resilience.
  • Transforming infrastructure investment decisions.
  • Scaling up investments to improve preparedness for extreme weather events.
  • Promoting nature-based solutions across sectors.
  • Strengthening resilience of water systems.

• The Commission will champion these initiatives at key events, including the UN Climate Action Summit (2019) and the Climate Adaptation Summit (2020), and will encourage countries to raise the level of ambition on adaptation ahead of COP26 (2020).

Convening Countries

The Commission is supported by 20 convening countries, including Argentina, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Denmark, Ethiopia, Germany, Grenada, India, Indonesia, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Netherlands, Senegal, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.

Conclusion

The ADAPT NOW report calls for urgent and bold action to address the climate crisis and its impacts. It highlights the economic, social, and environmental benefits of adaptation and the need for political leadership, innovation, and cooperation across all sectors and regions. The goal is to create safer, stronger, and more thriving communities globally.