世界银行-立即适应：全球呼吁应对气候变化的领导力（英文）-2019.9-90页_6mb

ADAPT NOW: A GLOBAL CALL FOR LEADERSHIP ON CLIMATE RESILIENCE

Core Content

The Global Commission on Adaptation (GCA) is a high-level initiative aimed at accelerating climate adaptation globally. The report, Adapt Now, emphasizes the urgent need for action to address the growing impacts of climate change across various sectors and regions. It outlines a strategic vision to build resilience, reduce risks, and unlock economic, social, and environmental benefits through adaptation.

Main Points

• Climate change is a global threat affecting all regions and sectors, with the poorest and most vulnerable populations bearing the brunt.
• Adaptation is a triple dividend—it avoids losses, generates economic benefits, and provides social and environmental gains.
• The report highlights the economic benefits of investing in adaptation, with a potential return of $7.1 trillion by 2030 from a $1.8 trillion investment in five key areas: early warning systems, climate-resilient infrastructure, improved dryland agriculture, mangrove protection, and water resource resilience.
• Three revolutions are necessary to accelerate adaptation: Understanding, Planning, and Finance.
• Political leadership is crucial to elevate the importance of adaptation on the global agenda and ensure that it becomes a priority in decision-making.

Key Sectors and Recommendations

Food Security

• Global food demand will increase by 50% by 2050, while yields may drop by 30% without adaptation.
• Recommendations include increasing agricultural R&D, aligning government finance and incentives with climate-smart production, and improving access to information, technology, and finance for 500 million small-scale farming households.

Natural Environment

• Nature-based solutions are essential for regulating water, protecting shorelines, and cooling cities.
• The report calls for large-scale protection and restoration of natural ecosystems, valuing natural assets in land use and investment decisions, and scaling up public and private resources to safeguard nature.
• Nature-based solutions can contribute to one-third of the climate mitigation needed by 2030 to keep warming below 2°C.

Water

• Climate change is deeply connected to water systems, and efficient water use and infrastructure investment are critical.
• Without adaptation, GDPs of India, China, and Central Asia could be 7–12% lower, and much of Africa could be 6% lower by 2050.
• Countries that prioritize water management are more likely to adapt and prosper.

Cities and Urban Areas

• Over 50% of the global population lives in cities, making them a key focus for adaptation.
• Early adaptation in cities is cost-effective, with the cost of good adaptation being one-tenth of no action.
• Cities need to invest in climate risk information, technical capacity, and nature-based solutions to tackle water and heat risks.
• Informal settlements housing 880 million people require urgent attention due to their vulnerability.

Infrastructure

• Infrastructure systems such as ports, roads, and power grids are at risk from climate change.
• Climate-proofing infrastructure and building climate-resilient systems is economically sound, with benefit-cost ratios of 4:1.
• A blended public-private approach is recommended to share the costs and benefits of resilient infrastructure.

Disaster Risk Management

• Climate change increases the frequency and intensity of disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and wildfires.
• The report emphasizes the need for proactive planning, early warning systems, and forecast-based actions to reduce loss of life and economic damage.
• Social safety nets and community preparedness are also critical for recovery.

Financing Adaptation

• Public and private finance must be mobilized at scale and speed to support adaptation.
• The public sector is essential for funding and enabling private investment through disclosure requirements, metrics, and incentives.
• International financial support is needed for developing countries to build resilience.

The Immediate Imperative: A Year of Action

• The GCA has launched a Year of Action to drive progress in key areas.
• The initiative includes Action Tracks in food security, water, cities, infrastructure, disaster risk management, and finance.
• The Commission will advocate at major global events, including the UN Climate Action Summit (2019) and the Climate Adaptation Summit (2020), to push for higher ambition on adaptation.
• The goal is to inspire global leadership and collaboration across sectors and regions to create safer, stronger, and more thriving communities.

Convening Countries and Commissioners

• The Commission is convened by 20 countries, including Netherlands, India, China, and the United States, among others.
• It is co-managed by the World Resources Institute and the Global Center on Adaptation.
• The Commissioners include leaders from UN, World Bank, NGOs, and private sector, highlighting a global coalition for climate adaptation.

Conclusion

• Climate adaptation is not an alternative to reducing emissions but an essential complement.
• The report calls for immediate and bold action to ensure equitable and sustainable development in the face of climate change.
• With the right leadership, planning, and finance, adaptation can lead to positive outcomes for people, the planet, and the economy.