2022-12-14-联合国环境署-适应新气候-对银行的物理风险管理和气候适应的评估_以及加快应对气候变化的银行业的建议（英）_68页_1mb

Adapting to a New Climate
This report, authored by UNEP Finance Initiative (UNEP FI), examines the role of banks in managing physical climate risks and promoting climate adaptation through financial strategies. Below is a structured analysis and summary of the report’s key contents:

1. Introduction

• Context: Climate adaptation is critical but often overlooked in banking, despite its importance to global resilience and the Paris Agreement goals.
• Key Challenges:
  • Unclear definitions of adaptation and resilience.
  • High uncertainty in climate hazard predictions and financial impacts.
  • Limited financial flows to adaptation (only 7% of tracked climate finance).
• Paris Agreement Mandate: Finance must align with both mitigation and climate-resilient development.

2. Building Climate Resilience in Banks

• Physical Risks: Climate hazards (e.g., droughts, sea-level rise) threaten banks’ portfolios and require proactive risk management.
• Drivers for Climate Action:
  1. Customer Impetus: Banks face risks from clients vulnerable to climate events.
  2. Regulatory Pressure: Emerging policies may mandate climate disclosures.
  3. Business Opportunities: Adaptation finance could generate market gains.
  4. Underwriting Risks: Insurers face increased claims from climate-related events.

3. Concept of Aligning Portfolios with Climate Resilience

• Theory of Change: Banks must integrate adaptation into their strategies to drive systemic resilience.
• Common Framework Elements:
  • Positive Alignment: Focus on resilient investments.
  • Process-Based: Build on climate risk assessment.
  • Resilience Through/Of: Distinguish between resilient assets and systemic enablers.
  • Systemic Impacts: Avoid maladaptation.
  • Measurable Targets: Track adaptation finance progress.
• Notable Frameworks (TCFD, EU Taxonomy, CBI):
  • Use scenario-based risk assessments and metrics to align portfolios.

4. Banks’ Current Approach to Climate Adaptation

• Survey Findings:
  • Only 45% of banks assess both physical and transition risks; many focus on transition risks.
  • Over 80% use reporting frameworks like TCFD or GRI.
  • Key Adaptation Challenges:
    • Lack of clear definitions for adaptation finance.
    • Insufficient data and training.
    • Limited short-term business cases.
    • Regulatory fragmentation.
• Action Status:
  • Most banks lack formal adaptation strategies or metrics.
  • Interest in adaptation-aligned products (e.g., green bonds, microfinance) is growing, but awareness gaps persist.

5. Adaptation and Banking in the Latin America and Caribbean Region

• Physical Vulnerabilities: High-risk sectors include agriculture, energy, and transport due to drought, heatwaves, and sea-level rise.
• Banking Responses:
  • Focus on agriculture and energy adaptation financing.
  • Collaboration needed with governments (e.g., National Adaptation Plans).
• Key Recommendations:
  • Strengthen awareness and capacity-building programs.
  • Develop region-specific metrics and taxonomies.
  • Foster innovation in climate-resilient financing tools.

6. Adaptation and Banking in the Middle East and North Africa Region

• Climate Vulnerabilities: Water scarcity, heat stress, and coastal flooding are major risks.
• Banking Responses:
  • Increased interest in sustainable finance, but adaptation lagging behind mitigation.
  • Barriers: Inadequate data, regulatory gaps, lack of standardized definitions.
• Recommendations:
  • Align national adaptation plans with banking policies.
  • Promote public-private partnerships and climate bond markets.
  • Enhance climate risk disclosure frameworks (e.g., TCFD).

7. Conclusion and Recommendations

• Barriers:
  • Unclear definitions, data scarcity, institutional fragmentation.
  • Requires systemic collaboration across sectors and regions.
• Proposed Framework:
  • Compatible, Practical, and Measurable: Adaptable to varying institutional contexts.
  • Systemic Approach: Includes stakeholder engagement and policy advocacy.
• Next Steps:
  • Work on climate adaptation targets and resilient finance products.
  • Scale-up climate-resilient infrastructure and cross-sector collaboration.

Key Takeaways

• Climate adaptation: Requires banks to integrate physical risk management into portfolios.
• Data and Definitions: Critical gaps hinder progress; standardized frameworks are urgent.
• Regional Focus: MENA and LAC highlight acute vulnerabilities demanding tailored solutions.
• Collaboration: Public-private partnerships and international finance are essential.

For further details, explore UNEP FI’s initiatives at unepfi.org.