2015-12-31-世界卫生组织-2016_STEPS_Fact_sheet_Sudan_Regional_2页_126kb

报告摘要

Sudan STEPS Survey 2016 Summary

Purpose

The Sudan STEPS Survey 2016 aimed to assess noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors through a population-based study of adults aged 18-69 in 2016. It was conducted in three sequential steps: Step 1 for socio-demographic and behavioral data, Step 2 for physical measurements (height, weight, blood pressure), and Step 3 for biochemical metrics (blood glucose, cholesterol, and urine in one region).

Method

Sampling: A four-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to ensure representative data at country and regional levels. Total participants: 8,145, with high response rates (95% in Steps 1-2, 88% in Step 3).
Steps:
- Step 1: Collected data on tobacco use, alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, and cervical cancer screening.
- Step 2: Measured physical attributes, including BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure.
- Step 3: Assessed biochemical levels, such as blood glucose, cholesterol, and salt intake (limited to Khartoum state).
Adjustments: All results were weighted by gender and age to account for sampling variations.

Key Findings by Region

Tobacco Use: Smoking prevalence varies regionally, with highest rates in Eastern Sudan (11.4% current smokers) and lowest in Northern Sudan (7.6%). Daily smoking is most common in Northern regions, with average start ages ranging from 16.3 to 25.0 years. Most daily smokers use manufactured cigarettes (90.7–99.6% across regions), consuming 6–12 cigarettes daily on average.
Alcohol Consumption: Most adults (90–98%) are lifetime abstainers, with region-specific variations (e.g., 97.9% in Northern regions vs. 90.8% in Eastern). Heavy episodic drinking is rare, averaging less than 2% prevalence.
Diet: Low fruit and vegetable intake is widespread, with less than 5 servings daily in 88–99% of adults. High salt addition (30–57.8% across regions) and consumption of processed high-salt foods are common issues.
Physical Activity: Insufficient activity (less than 150 minutes moderate equivalent per week) affects 8–25% of participants, varying by region. Median daily activity time ranges from 25 to over 377 minutes (based on participant reports).
Cervical Cancer Screening: Very low screening rates (0-4.4%) among women aged 30-49 years.
Physical Measurements: BMI and obesity rates differ significantly by region, with Khartoum state showing higher waist circumferences. Blood pressure is elevated in about 30–37% of adults, and many are not on medication despite high prevalence.
Biochemical Measurements: High rates of impaired fasting glucose (3–11.6%) and raised cholesterol (13.6–24.2%) indicate NCD risks. A 10-year cardiovascular disease risk ≥30% is based on age, sex, blood pressure, etc. Salt intake is high in one region of Khartoum.
Repeat Survey: Planned for 2019-2023 if funding is available to monitor progress.