2015-12-31-世界卫生组织-2016_STEPS_Fact_sheet_Sudan_2页_369kb

报告摘要

Sudan STEPS Survey 2016 Summary

Overview

The Sudan STEPS Survey 2016 investigated noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors among adults aged 18-69 years using a population-based approach. Steps 1 (socio-demographic/behavioral), 2 (physical measurements), and 3 (biochemical measurements) were completed with a stratified cluster sampling design and a total sample size of 8145 participants. A repeat survey is planned if funded under the updated multi-sectoral action plan.

Key Findings

Tobacco Use

Current tobacco smoking: 9.6% overall (males: 17.1%, females: 0.7%).
Daily smoking: 7.7% overall (males: 13.8%, females: 0.46%).
Age at first use: Average 19.3 years for daily smokers.
Product type: 62.0% of daily smokers use manufactured cigarettes (males: 93.7%, females: 35.0%).

Alcohol Consumption

Lifetime abstainers: 94.8% overall (males: 91.2%, females: 99.1%).
Past 12-month abstainers: 2.5% overall (males: 4.3%, females: 0.5%).
Past 30-day drinkers: 2.1% overall (males: 3.6%, females: 0.3%).
Heavy episodic drinking: 1.9% overall (males: 3.2%, females: 0.2%).

Diet

Fruit consumption: Average 1 serving/day; 94.7% consume <5 servings/day.
Vegetable consumption: Average 1.2 servings/day; 94.7% consume <5 servings/day.
Salt/processed foods: 32.4% always add salt or salty sauce, 12.3% eat high-salt processed foods.

Physical Activity

Insufficient activity (<150 min moderate-intensity/wk): 14.1% overall (males: 11.4%, females: 17.3%).
Vigorous activity: 42.7% of males do not engage in vigorous activity.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Mean BMI: 23.0 kg/m².
Overweight (BMI ≥25): 28.2% overall (males: 22.6%, females: 35.6%).
Obesity (BMI ≥30): 10.3% overall (males: 6.7%, females: 14.9%).
Waist circumference: Average 82.2 cm.

Blood Pressure

Raised BP (≥140/90 mmHg): 31.5% overall.
Medication use for raised BP was low, with poor adherence among those needing it.

Biochemical Results

Fasting blood glucose: 6.0% overall have raised levels.
Impaired fasting glycaemia: 3.4% overall.
Total cholesterol: 13.6% overall have raised levels (≥5.0 mmol/L).
Salt intake: Average 8.2 g/day in Khartoum only.

Summary of Combined Risk Factors

Percentage with none: 1.6% (overall).
Percentage with three or more risk factors: High in older adults (15.3% aged 45-69 years), exceeding 20% across the age range.