2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Cyprus_2021_country_profile_10页_338kb

Country Profile Summary: Cyprus (WHO Global Tobacco Epidemic Report, 2021)

Core Content Overview

Cyprus has implemented a range of tobacco control measures as outlined in the WHO MPOWER framework, which includes monitoring tobacco use, creating smoke-free environments, offering cessation support, warning about tobacco dangers, enforcing advertising bans, and raising tobacco taxes. The country is a Party to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), signed on 24 May 2004 and ratified on 26 October 2005. The population is 1,207,361, and the country is classified as high-income.

MPOWER Compliance Score

• Compliance Score (0-10):
  • P (Smoke-Free Environments): 7
  • E (Advertising Bans): 10
  • Cigarettes less affordable since 2010: YES

Monitoring Tobacco Use and Prevention Policies

• Nationally representative surveys for adults: Yes (Recent, Representative, Periodic)
• Nationally representative surveys for adolescents: Yes (Recent, Representative, Periodic)
• Tobacco use prevalence (2019):
  • Current tobacco use (both sexes): ...
  • Daily tobacco use (both sexes): 35.9%
  • Current smoking (both sexes): 29.9%
  • Daily smoking (both sexes): 23.8%
  • Smokeless tobacco use (both sexes): 1.01%
  • E-cigarette use (both sexes): 10.0%

Smoke-Free Environments

• Compliance (2020):
  • Healthcare facilities: 10 (Complete)
  • Educational facilities (excluding universities): 10 (Complete)
  • Universities: 10 (Complete)
  • Government facilities: 10 (Complete)
  • Indoor offices and workplaces: 8
  • Restaurants: 7
  • Cafés, pubs, and bars: 2
  • Public transport: No
  • Other public places: Not applicable
• Compliance score: 7
• Fines for violations: Yes
• Enforcement funds: No
• Complaint system: No

Health Warnings on Tobacco Packages

• Mandated health warnings: Yes for all tobacco products (cigarettes, other smoked tobacco, smokeless tobacco)
• Percentage of principal display area covered by warnings:
  • Cigarettes: 65%
  • Other smoked tobacco: 65%
  • Smokeless tobacco: 32%
• Warnings on front and rear: Yes
• Font style, size, and colour: Yes
• Rotating warnings: Yes
• Language: Yes (principal languages)
• Obstructing warnings: No
• Graphical warnings: Yes for cigarettes and other smoked tobacco
• Specific health warnings approved: 15 for cigarettes, 15 for other smoked tobacco, 1 for smokeless tobacco

Anti-Tobacco Mass Media Campaigns

• National campaigns (2018–2020): Yes
• Aired on TV and radio: Yes
• Research conducted on target audience: Yes
• Materials tested with target audience: No
• Air time secured through purchase: Yes
• Monitoring of campaign materials: Yes
• Journalist collaboration: Yes
• Campaign evaluation: Yes
• Part of comprehensive tobacco control program: No

Bans on Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship

• Direct advertising bans:
  • National TV and radio: Yes (10)
  • International TV and radio: Yes (interpreted as covered)
  • Local magazines and newspapers: Yes (10)
  • Billboards and outdoor advertising: Yes (10)
  • Point of sale advertising: Yes (7)
  • Internet advertising: Yes
  • Complete ban on sponsorship: Yes (10)
  • Ban on sponsorship contributions: Yes
  • Ban on publicizing sponsorship: Yes
  • Ban on CSR activities: Yes
  • Tobacco companies publicizing CSR: Yes
  • Other entities publicizing CSR: Yes
  • Tobacco companies funding prevention campaigns: Yes
• Compliance score for indirect bans: 10
• Law requires fines for violations: Yes
• Ban on tobacco vending machines: Yes
• Ban on internet sales: No

Tobacco Taxation and Affordability

• Taxation policy (as of 31 July 2020):
  • Price of lowest cost brand of cigarettes: EUR 3.80
  • Price of premium brand of cigarettes: EUR 4.90
  • Taxes on most sold brand of cigarettes (% of retail price):
    • Total taxes: 74.41%
    • Specific excise: 24.44%
    • Ad valorem excise: 34.00%
    • VAT/sales tax: 15.97%
    • Import duty: 0.00%
  • Cigarettes less affordable since 2010: Yes
  • Trend in affordability (2010–2020): Yes (increased)

Earmarked Tobacco Taxes for Health

• Earmarking reported: No

Supplementary Tax Information

• Type of excise applied: Mixed excise
• Uniform excise tax applied: Yes
• Greater reliance on specific tax: No
• Minimum specific tax in mixed regime: Yes
• Retail price used as base for ad valorem component: Yes
• Specific tax adjusted for inflation: No
• Price dispersion (cheapest vs. premium brand): 77.55%
• Duty-free cigarette sales banned: No

Annual Tax Revenues from Tobacco Products (2019)

• Total excise (specific and ad valorem): EUR 177,850,000
• VAT and other sales taxes: Not reported
• Import duties: Not reported
• All other taxes (excluding corporate taxes): Not reported
• Total tax revenue: Not reported

Key Policy Trends

• Smoke-free laws: Cover most public places but not all, with compliance score of 7.
• Health warnings: Strongly mandated for cigarettes and other smoked tobacco, with graphical and rotating warnings.
• Advertising bans: Comprehensive, covering all forms of direct and indirect advertising, with compliance score of 10.
• Tobacco taxation: High taxes on cigarettes, with a significant portion of the retail price allocated to taxes, leading to increased affordability.
• Cessation support: Limited availability in some health facilities, but no national quit line.