2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Afghanistan_2021_country_profile_10页_338kb

Afghanistan Tobacco Control Summary

Core Content Overview

This summary outlines the MPOWER measures implemented in Afghanistan as reported in the WHO Global Tobacco Epidemic Report, 2021. MPOWER is a framework used to assess tobacco control policies and their compliance levels, with scores ranging from 0 to 10, where 10 is the highest level of compliance. Compliance is measured for Smoke-Free Environments (P) and Tobacco Taxation (R). The MPOWER score colour key indicates the level of compliance with the following categories:

• Complete measure: Full implementation of a policy.
• Moderate measure: Partial implementation.
• Minimal measure: Limited implementation.
• No policy or weak measure: No implementation or weak policy.
• Not categorized/No data: No information available.

MPOWER Measures in Afghanistan

WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

• Date of signature: 29 June 2004
• Date of ratification: 13 August 2010
• Population: 38,928,341
• Income group: Low-income

Tobacco Use Prevalence

Adults (2019 STEPS Survey)

Adolescents (2014 Global School-Based Student Health Survey)

WHO Age-Standardized Estimated Prevalence (2019)

Smoke-Free Environments Compliance (2020)

Cessation Support

• Toll-free quit line: No
• Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT):
  • Legally sold: No
  • Purchase availability: —
  • Insurance coverage: —
  • Essential drugs list: No
• Bupropion: No
• Varenicline: No
• Cessation support in health clinics: Yes in some
• Insurance coverage for cessation support: No

Health Warnings on Tobacco Packages

• Mandated health warnings: Yes
• Percentage of principal display area covered: ^1
• Warnings on front and rear: FRONT AND REAR COMBINED
• Top of principal display area: No
• Font style, size, and colour: No
• Rotating warnings: No
• Language: No
• Obscured by tax stamps: No
• Graphical warnings: No
• Warnings on all packaging: Yes
• Applies to all products: Yes
• Describes harmful effects: No1
• Specific health warnings: No1
• Number of specific health warnings: —
• Fines for violations: Yes
• Misleading descriptors: No
• Figurative signs: No
• Flavor descriptors: No
• Quantitative emission information: No
• Qualitative information: No
• Display on principal areas: —
• Expiry dates: No
• Quit line number on packaging: No
• Plain packaging: No

Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsorship

• Direct advertising bans:

  • National TV and radio: Yes (10)
  • International TV and radio: Yes (interpreted as covered)
  • Local magazines and newspapers: Yes (10)
  • International magazines and newspapers: Yes (interpreted as covered)
  • Billboards and outdoor: Yes (9)
  • Point of sale: Yes (4)
  • Internet: Yes
  • Other direct bans: No
  • Compliance score: 10
  • Fines for violations: Yes

• Promotion and sponsorship bans:

  • Free distribution: Yes (10)
  • Promotional discounts: Yes (10)
  • Non-tobacco products with tobacco brand names: Yes (5)
  • Brand name of non-tobacco products for tobacco: Yes (9)
  • Tobacco in TV/films: Yes (9)
  • Tobacco products in TV/films: No
  • Anti-tobacco ads before/after tobacco content: No
  • Complete ban on sponsorship: Yes (10)
  • Ban on sponsorship contributions: Yes
  • Ban on publicizing sponsorship: —
  • Ban on CSR activities: No
  • Tobacco companies publicizing CSR: No
  • Non-tobacco entities publicizing CSR of tobacco companies: No
  • Tobacco companies funding prevention campaigns: No
  • Compliance score: 8
  • Fines for violations: Yes
  • Ban on vending machines: No
  • Ban on internet sales: No

Tobacco Taxation

• Tax inclusive retail sales price (TIRSP) for a pack of 20 cigarettes: AFN 20.00
• Price of most sold brand (standardized to 20 cigarettes): AFN 30.00 (≈1.61 international dollars, ≈0.39 US dollars)
• Taxes on most sold brand (% of retail price):
  • Total taxes: 20.68%
  • Specific excise: 0.00%
  • Ad valorem excise: 0.00%
  • VAT or sales tax: 0.00%
  • Import duty: 20.68%
  • Other taxes: 0.00%
• Affordability:
  • % of GDP per capita needed to buy 100 packs: 7.79%
  • Cigarettes less affordable since 2010: Yes
  • Cigarettes more affordable since 2010: No
  • No trend change in affordability: ↔

Earmarking of Tobacco Taxes

• Earmarked for health: No

Supplementary Tax Information

Annual Tax Revenues from Tobacco Products (2017)

Key Information and Main Points

• Afghanistan has ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) but lacks comprehensive tobacco control measures.
• The country has a limited number of smoke-free laws, with compliance scores indicating minimal or no enforcement.
• There is no national anti-tobacco mass media campaign in the period 2018-2020.
• Cessation support is limited, with no toll-free quit line or NRT coverage.
• Health warnings on tobacco packages are present but lack specific characteristics such as size, placement, and graphical content.
• Direct tobacco advertising is banned, but promotion and sponsorship are only partially controlled.
• Cigarettes are less affordable than in 2018, with a compliance score of "YES" for affordability.
• No tobacco taxes are earmarked for health purposes.
• Tobacco taxation is primarily based on import duty, with no specific excise or VAT applied.