2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Timor-Leste_2021_country_profile_10页_338kb

报告摘要

Summary of Timor-Leste's Tobacco Control in WHO 2021 Report

Framework Compliance: Timor-Leste is a party to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, signed in 2004 and ratified in 2004. It is a middle-income country with a national tobacco control program and agency, employing 1 full-time equivalent staff, with expenditures on tobacco control reported in 2008 (USD 180). There is a specific national government objective for tobacco control, and tobacco use prevalence data from nationally representative surveys are available (Demographic and Health Survey, 2016 for adults; Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2019 for adolescents).
Monitoring: Moderate compliance (score 6/10) with tobacco use surveys, including data on cigarette smoking and any tobacco use for both adults and youth. WHO age-standardized estimates show smoking prevalence: male 53.7%, female 9.3%, both sexes 31.5% in 2019.
Smoke-Free Environments: High compliance (score 10/10) with complete smoke-free laws permitting no exemptions in all public places, enforced with fines for violations.
Cessation Programmes: Moderate compliance (score 6/10) with treatment for tobacco dependence, including a toll-free quit line, some cessation services, and partial cost coverage by health insurance.
Health Warnings: Full compliance with health warnings covering 92.5% of the front of cigarette packages and 100% of the rear, with all mandatory characteristics, including photos and non-obscuring requirements, applicable to all tobacco products.
Mass Media Campaigns: Active anti-tobacco campaign from July 2018 to June 2020, aired on television and radio, tested with target audiences, and part of a comprehensive government program, though no formal evaluation was conducted.
Advertising Bans: High compliance (score 9/10) for direct bans on advertising (e.g., TV, radio, print, billboards) and high compliance for indirect bans (e.g., promotion, sponsorship, point-of-sale displays), with fines for violations.
Taxation: High tax burden on cigarettes (21.79% of retail price in 2020, USD equivalent), with affordability stable (less affordable, but no significant trend change since 2010). No earmarking of tobacco taxes for health, and tax revenues in 2019 totaled USD 15.8 million at national federal level.