2024-11-03-亚开行-重建更好的行业指南——第4卷_灌溉农业（英）_36页_6mb

Asian Development Bank's Build Back Better Sector Guides: Volume 4 - Irrigated Agriculture

Introduction

This volume is part of a series by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) aimed at supporting post-disaster recovery and reconstruction by enhancing climate and disaster resilience in developing member countries. It focuses on irrigated agriculture, providing guidance for rebuilding infrastructure to withstand future hazards. Post-disaster recovery should integrate risk reduction measures into the restoration of physical and systemic assets, aligning with international frameworks like the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and the Sustainable Development Goals.

ADB's Role in Post-Disaster Recovery

ADB provides rapid technical support and financial assistance, including emergency assistance loans (EALs), for disaster-affected areas. As of 2023, DMCs account for a disproportionate share of global disaster impacts, with ADB facilitating significant EAL financing. Recovery efforts involve PDNA assessments, risk-informed planning, and partnerships to ensure timely and effective rebuilding, emphasizing equity, inclusion, green recovery, and poverty reduction.

Importance of Irrigated Agriculture

Irrigated agriculture is crucial for food security and economic development but is highly vulnerable to natural hazards like floods, droughts, earthquakes, and storms. Asia dominates global irrigated land, with disasters projected to increase due to climate change. Irrigated systems' integrity affects productivity and livelihoods, and post-disaster recovery must prioritize improving water use efficiency and system resilience.

Post-Disaster Recovery Objectives

Key objectives include enhancing water productivity through modern designs and sustainable practices, strengthening system management at institutional and community levels, and improving diversification and economic development. Measures should be tailored to specific risks and local contexts, focusing on long-term sustainability.

Climate and Disaster Resilience Measures

Agricultural System Assessment

Conduct rapid appraisal processes (RAP) and damage assessments to prioritize improvements and identify vulnerabilities. Remote sensing and post-disaster analyses use satellite imagery to map damage and guide reconstruction.

Resilient Structures

Adopt disaster-proof design standards, such as reinforced concrete, improved canals (e.g., geotech lining), and flexible pipes, to withstand floods and earthquakes. Enhancements include spillway capacity increases, drainage integration, and seismic retrofits.

Resilient Materials and Construction

Use durable materials like reinforced concrete and geotextile membranes, with quality assurance measures including third-party inspections and electronic monitoring to ensure lasting resilience.

Modernization

Upgrade irrigation infrastructure with pressurized systems, real-time monitoring, and water-efficient technologies to address droughts and floods. Include asset inventories, maintenance databases, and financial sustainability measures to break the neglect-rebuild cycle.

Nature-Based Solutions

Implement land restoration, green infrastructure (e.g., wetlands, buffer strips), and water harvesting to improve water availability and reduce disaster risks, complementing engineering approaches.

Early Warning Systems

Utilize integrated communication networks and digital tools for real-time forecasting and dissemination of warnings, with capacity building for communities to respond effectively.

Strengthening Resilient Management

Enhance system management through real-time scheduling, asset inventories, and water pricing frameworks to improve operational efficiency and maintenance.

Risk-Informed Governance

Develop comprehensive risk assessments, clear protocols for emergencies, and robust communication strategies to strengthen governance and institutional roles in disaster-prone areas.

Key Lessons and Examples

Post-disaster projects must integrate local knowledge, up-to-date data, and capacity-building initiatives. Case studies, such as ADB-supported efforts in Indonesia, Nepal, and Cambodia, demonstrate successful BBB outcomes, highlighting the need for sustainable practices and adaptive design.

Conclusion

Rebuilding irrigated agriculture post-disaster offers opportunities to enhance climate resilience, economic development, and food security. By adopting structured, risk-informed measures, stakeholders can achieve more sustainable and inclusive recovery, aligning with ADB's Strategy 2030 and global sustainability goals.