2024-11-03-亚开行-重建更好的行业指南——第5卷_社会基础设施（英）_42页_6mb

Summary of Asian Development Bank's Build Back Better Sector Guides Volume 5

Overview

This guide focuses on enhancing climate and disaster resilience in social infrastructure through post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. It aims to improve community safety, equity, and sustainability by integrating risk reduction into rebuilding efforts. Topics covered include site selection, building designs, retrofitting, inclusive approaches, materials, operation, and large-scale implementation.

Asian Development Bank's Role in Recovery

ADB provides rapid technical and financial support, including emergency assistance loans, to help developing member countries rebuild resilient infrastructure. Its strategies, like Strategy 2030 and Disaster and Emergency Assistance Policy, emphasize building back better (BBB) to strengthen long-term disaster risk reduction and economic recovery, based on policies reviewed from 2004 to 2023.

Importance of Long-Term Resilience

Timely post-disaster support minimizes long-term setbacks to sustainable development. Resilience building requires integrating risk-informed planning into sector programs, as seen in ADB projects, to ensure communities can adapt and recover effectively from hazards, avoiding future losses.

Climate and Disaster Resilience Measures

Key measures are outlined for social infrastructure:

• Site Selection: Assess risks through topographic, geotechnical surveys, and involve communities to choose safer sites, ensuring secure land tenure to prevent displacement.
• Physical Planning: Reconfigure layouts based on hazard exposures, incorporating passive design for natural lighting and ventilation to reduce energy use.
• Building Designs: Use performance-based criteria for occupant safety, with continuous or immediate resilience levels; adopt seismic-resistant and climate-adaptive designs.
• Retrofitting: Repair existing structures using detailed engineering assessments; preserve heritage while upgrading for resilience, balancing costs and benefits.
• Sustainability: Reduce embodied and operational carbon by using sustainable materials, nature-based solutions (e.g., green roofs), and renewable energy to enhance green recovery.
• Safer Building Systems: Incorporate fire and lightning protection systems for operational reliability, such as compartmentalization and evacuation protocols.
• Inclusive Design: Ensure accessibility for all users, including women, children, and people with disabilities, through features like ramps and gender-sensitive facilities.
• Materials and Workmanship: Prioritize quality assurance, using locally available materials and skilled labor training to ensure durability and maintenance.
• Operation and Maintenance: Design for long-term upkeep, including training users and setting budgets, to sustain resilience throughout asset lifecycles.

Implementation at Scale

Adopt a phased approach, starting with pilot projects, optimizing designs, replicating successes, and scaling up with type-based models. Digital tools can aid remote monitoring, ensuring consistency in large-scale programs like post-earthquake reconstruction in Nepal.

Key Learnings

BBB efforts improve not only physical resilience but also equity, sustainability, and community cohesion. Case studies, such as the Nepal earthquake recovery, demonstrate how integrated measures can restore services quickly while minimizing future risks.