2022-12-01-世界银行-2022年全球金融科技监管机构调查报告_78页_11mb

1. Introduction and Research Motivation

The third Global Fintech Regulator Survey, conducted in collaboration with the World Bank and the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, examines the medium-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fintech-related regulatory and supervisory activities. It also covers consumer risks, digital infrastructure, and supervisory technology use across 128 authorities in 106 jurisdictions, with a focus on emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) which prioritize fintech more than advanced economies.

2. Survey Methodology and Key Themes

• Methodology: An online survey was administered between April and July 2022, incorporating regional and income-based analysis (e.g., SSA, East Asia, EMDEs).
• Key Themes:
  • Medium-term impact of Covid-19: The pandemic accelerated fintech adoption, with regulators prioritizing consumer protection amid increased risks like fraud.
  • Consumer risks: Digital assets, payments, and lending saw heightened risks, with 50% in EMDEs increasing their focus on fintech.
  • DRSI & Suptech: Digital regulatory infrastructure (DRSI) and supervisory tech (suptech) gaps were prevalent, with limited analytics and funding noted as key problems.

3. Medium-Term Impact of Covid-19

• Prioritization of Fintech: Priority for fintech increased in EMDEs (56%) compared to advanced economies (35%), driven by the pandemic’s role in financial inclusion.
• Consumers Risks: Fraud and cybersecurity were top concerns; COVID exacerbated risks in digital payments, lending, and assets.
• Challenges: Regulatory innovation initiatives (e.g., sandboxes) advanced but faced resource constraints. Data silos and legacy IT systems hindered progress.

4. Consumer Risk and Protection

• Perceived Risks: Digital assets (31% severity), fraud (67% rise), and cybersecurity were major concerns.
• Mitigation: Governments increased consumer education, launched DRSI tools, and enforced stricter licensing for high-risk activities.
• EMDE Challenges: Banning digital assets was common due to capacity constraints, while better data infrastructure and enforcement were prioritized.

5. Landscape of Digital Regulatory and Supervisory Infrastructure (DRSI) and Suptech

• DRSI Components: Foundational data layer, application layer, and sectoral focuses (e.g., payments, digital assets). EMDEs lagged in active DRSI due to expertise and funding issues.
• Suptech Usage: Over half of respondents used suptech for consumer protection and supervision, with limited applications for ESG and cryptocurrencies.
• Gaps: Data analytics, funding, and legacy systems were constraints across jurisdictions.

6. Policy Implications and Future Research

• Enhance Consumer Protection: Improve DRSI and technical capacity to identify emerging risks.
• Digital Assets: Prioritize research for clear regulatory frameworks, especially regarding stablecoins and DeFi.
• Cybersecurity: Address vulnerabilities through international collaboration and standardized tools.
• Capacity Building: Support EMDEs in suptech and analytics through technical assistance and partnerships.

Key Recommendations

• Strengthen DRSI and suptech to monitor fraud and risks.
• Balance fintech innovation with consumer safety through enforcement and guidelines.
• Enhance international coordination to combat cross-border digital threats.

End of Summary.