2023-11-01-IGU-2023年全球天然气报告_94页_6mb

Energy markets experienced significant turbulence in 2022-2023 due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, leading to supply shortages, price volatility, and shifts in policy priorities toward energy security and decarbonization. Global gas demand dropped by 1.5% in 2022 due to high prices and fuel switching from gas to coal, but recovery occurred in 2023. Supply tightness resulted from reduced Russian exports, with Europe increasing LNG imports and storage levels.

The energy trilemma—balancing security, sustainability, and affordability—remains critical. While gas continues as a key transitional fuel for decarbonization, scaling low-carbon alternatives (blue/green hydrogen, biomethane, ammonia) requires aggressive investment and policy support to address supply gaps and meet climate goals. Demand-side management, infrastructure flexibility (e.g., floating LNG/FRAUs), and methane emission reductions are pathways for future energy systems to adapt to volatility while ensuring reliable, affordable energy.