2023-05-17-世界银行-妇女在实践中的赋权_加纳生产安全网的经验教训（英）_33页_2mb

Women’s Empowerment in Practice: Lessons from the Ghana Productive Safety Net Project

This report analyzes the implementation of women’s empowerment interventions within the Ghana Productive Safety Net Project (GPSNP), examining outcomes and providing recommendations for improving gender-responsive social protection programs.

Key Findings:

1. Project Overview

   • GPSNP (IDA-financed, US$60 million) works through two components:
     • Labor Intensive Public Works (LIPW): Provides seasonal employment, focusing on female-friendly adaptations like flexible start times, childcare, and inclusive work site locations.
     • Productive Inclusion (PI): Supports sustainable livelihoods through business training, start-up grants, and life skills development.

2. Empowerment Pillars

   • Interventions target resources (e.g., childcare, infrastructure), agency (e.g., grievance mechanisms), and context (e.g., GBV codes).

3. Implementation Challenges & Successes

   • Successes: High female participation (62% in LIPW, 80% in PI), increased decision-making power for women, and improved financial autonomy.
   • Challenges:
     • Inconsistent enforcement of gender-specific measures (e.g., crèches, latrines).
     • Payment delays impacted women’s economic stability.
     • Deep-rooted gender norms limited long-term behavior change (e.g., household chores unchanged).

4. Beneficiary Outcomes

   • Women gained financial independence, reduced poverty, improved marital harmony, and increased confidence (e.g., public speaking skills).
   • Challenges included increased workloads, spousal dependency, and sustainability issues due to external factors like drought.

Recommendations

1. Ghana-Specific:

   • Harmonize project messaging and ensure core activities (e.g., timely payments) are implemented effectively.
   • Expand gender-sensitive training for all project staff and embed transformative approaches (e.g., engaging men in gender discussions).
   • Strengthen crèche implementation with mobile options, accountability, and partnerships.

2. General Recommendations:

   • Adopt iterative integration of WGE measures during project design.
   • Monitor empowerment outcomes (e.g., decision-making, agency) alongside outputs (e.g., female participation).
   • Place women at the center of project design to ensure alignment with their needs and priorities.

Lessons for Broader Context

• Gender-Transformative Approach: Addressing context-driven norms is key to sustainable empowerment.
• Mechanism-Building: Engage men and gatekeepers to shift gender equity attitudes.
• Adaptive Programming: Electronic payments and mobile crèches offer scalable solutions for inclusivity.

This case study underscores the importance of holistic empowerment strategies in social protection initiatives.