新发展理念下的绿色技术创新：政策推拉和需求拉动对可再生能源创新的影响（英）-2023-23页_792kb

Abstract
The paper examines the impact of policy-push (e.g., China's regional carbon emission trading schemes) and demand-pull factors (e.g., market demand for renewable energy technologies) on green technology innovation, specifically renewable energy patents. Using a triple difference-in-difference (DID) method with city-level data from 2000 to 2020, the study finds that both policy-push and demand-pull mechanisms positively influence renewable energy innovation. Policy-push, through carbon pricing and industrial capacity, and demand-pull, through energy consumption and price transitions, contribute to approximately 11% growth in patent innovation. Effects are more pronounced for invention patents, and fossil fuel price increases further stimulate innovation.

Methods
The research employs a triple DID approach, controlling for provincial and yearly effects, with data on renewable energy patents, installation capacity, generation, and fossil fuel prices. China's regional carbon pilots serve as a quasi-natural experiment. Key variables include ETS dummies, interaction terms for demand-pull (e.g., wind and solar power generation) and policy-push (e.g., capacity indicators), along with control variables like R&D expenditure and energy consumption.

Findings
Both policy-push and demand-pull factors significantly enhance renewable energy patent innovation. Demand-pull, through higher power generation, drives innovation, while policy-push, via capacity investments, has a robust effect. Fossil fuel price rises induce energy substitution, boosting green innovation. Patent type analysis shows invention patents benefit more from these factors. Robustness checks using alternative measures and models confirm the results.

Implications
The findings underscore the need for coordinated supply-side (policies, regulations, and industrial strategies) and demand-side (market mechanisms) efforts to support green technology innovation under China's new development perspective. China's large market and industrialization potential offer opportunities for scaling up green innovations, particularly through industrial structure upgrades. Further research could explore interactions between demand-pull and policy-push in China's ecological civilization context.