2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Nicaragua_2021_country_profile_10页_336kb

Tobacco Use Prevalence

• Available data: National surveys not recent; youth survey (2019) showed high smoking prevalence among adolescents (both sexes 14.2%, male 16.4%, female 11.8%). Adult data incomplete but age-standardized estimates suggest ongoing tobacco use.

Smoke-Free Environments Compliance

• Partial compliance with bans: Score indicates some implementation, but subnational jurisdictions cannot enforce additional bans. Fines for violations exist.

Cessation Programmes

• Limited treatment options: No nationwide quit line; cessation services and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) available but not fully covered by health insurance; some subsidies exist in specific facilities.

Health Warnings

• Compliance: Partially compliant with package warnings; requirements include health warnings covering at least 50% of principal display areas, but implementation not fully adhered to; no plain packaging or rotating warnings as of 2020.

Mass Media Campaigns

• No anti-tobacco campaigns conducted between July 2018 and June 2020, despite some national-level initiatives mentioned elsewhere in the report.

Advertising Bans

• Partial bans: Direct advertising banned in some media (e.g., national TV, radio, outdoor), but not complete; no fines enforced for some forms like point-of-sale advertising. Compliance score low for indirect bans.

Taxation Policy

• High tax burden: Taxes represent 69.37% of retail price for cigarettes, but affordability has decreased since 2010, making cigarettes less affordable. E-liquids taxed but data incomplete.

Earmarking of Taxes

• No information reported on earmarking for health.

Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)

• Signed in 2004, ratified in 2008, by a middle-income country with a population exceeding 6 million. National tobacco control program exists with funding challenges and limited staff.

Other Notes

• Low monitoring data quality; subnational constraints limit smoke-free laws; no recent comprehensive national surveys for adults or youth.