2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Djibouti_2021_country_profile_10页_336kb

Summary of Djibouti's Tobacco Control Measures from WHO Report (2021)

Introduction

This summary outlines key tobacco control measures in Djibouti based on the WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2021. Djibouti ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) on 31 July 2005, with a population of approximately 988,000 and classified as middle-income.

Monitoring and Prevalence Data

• Tobacco use prevalence: Data from nationally representative surveys were last collected in 2012 for adults and 2013 for adolescents. Since then, no recent data are available, limiting comprehensive monitoring.
• MPOWER score: Compliance scoring for monitoring indicates no recent, representative, or periodic data for both adults and youth, falling under the "No known data" category.

Smoke-Free Environments

• Smoking bans: Laws prohibit smoking in indoor offices, workplaces, health clinics or other primary care facilities, cafés, pubs and bars, public transport, and all other public places. Fines are levied on smokers and establishments. However, subnational jurisdictions lack authority for additional smoke-free legislation.
• MPOWER score: Compliance is scored, but details indicate varying restrictions, with bans present in multiple locations.

Cessation Programmes

• Treatment availability: No government-funded quit lines or cessation services exist. Health insurance or national health services do not cover nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or other treatments.
• MPOWER score: Compliance is low, indicating "None" for treatment coverage and cessation support.

Health Warnings

• Package warnings: Laws mandate health warnings covering 50% of the principal display areas on all tobacco packages, including photos or graphics. Misleading terms (e.g., "light" or "low-tar") are banned. Warnings rotate and are in the principal language.
• MPOWER score: Achieves "Large warnings with all appropriate characteristics," demonstrating strong compliance with warning requirements.

Anti-Tobacco Mass Media Campaigns (2018–2020)

• Campaign activity: No national anti-tobacco campaigns were conducted broadcasted on television, radio, or other platforms during the specified period.

Bans on Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship

• Advertising restrictions: Complete bans apply to direct advertising on national TV, radio, magazines, newspapers, billboards, and online sources. Promotional discounts, brand name use for non-tobacco products, appearance in media, and sponsorship bans are enforced.
• MPOWER score: Compliance is categorized under "Ban on all forms of direct and indirect advertising," indicating high adherence.

Tobacco Taxation Policy and Prices

• Tax structure: Cigarettes have become less affordable since 2010 due to tax increases. Taxes include excise duties, with total taxes comprising specific, ad valorem, and VAT components. No specific data reported for 2020, but trends show affordability declining.
• Price trends: The cost of cigarettes increased, with a higher GDP per capita required to purchase 100 packs between 2010 and 2020.
• MPOWER score: Affordability trends show increases in cost, falling under the "Cigarettes less affordable" category.

Use of Earmarked Tobacco Taxes

• Tax allocation: No taxes from tobacco products are earmarked for health purposes, limiting potential funding for tobacco control initiatives.

Additional Notes

• Surveys: No recent nationally representative surveys for tobacco use in adults or adolescents were available.
• FCTC implementation: Djibouti has signed the FCTC, but implementation gaps exist in areas like cessation services and affordability.
• MPOWER compliance: Scores vary, with strong performance in advertising bans and health warnings, but weaknesses in monitoring and treatment access.