世界银行-罗马尼亚国家气候与发展报告（英）-2023.10-90页_2mb

Summary of Country Climate and Development Report: Romania

This summary highlights Romania's economic and climate development context, decarbonization efforts, distributional impacts, and key recommendations from the report.

1. Climate and Development Context

Romania has achieved high-income status and significant economic growth since EU accession in 2007, with rising GDP per capita. However, challenges include high poverty and inequality rates, wide regional disparities, and a "Tale of Two Romaniias"—urban dynamic areas and rural poor regions. The country has committed to the European Green Deal, aiming for net-zero emissions by 2050 with a focus on reducing GHG emissions by at least 55% by 2030.

2. Decarbonization Efforts and Recommendations

The transition to net zero requires whole-of-economy policy action, including:

• Energy: Phasing out coal, increasing renewable energy (47% of power generation by 2050), and deploying CCUS. Recommendations include streamlining administrative processes, reducing connection constraints, and accelerating transmission infrastructure.
• Transport: Electrifying road vehicles with targets for zero-emission registrations (50% by 2030, 90% by 2035), incentivizing modal shifts, and improving charging infrastructure to support decarbonization.
• Buildings: Renovating the building stock to increase energy efficiency (target 3.4% annual pace), reducing energy consumption, and leveraging private investment.
• Adaptation: Strengthening water resource management, investing in irrigation, and promoting climate-smart agriculture to address climate resilience challenges.

3. Distributional and Financing Aspects

Decarbonization may disproportionately affect certain regions and low-skilled workers. Social transfers, particularly targeted to vulnerable groups, can mitigate impacts. Financing needs are substantial, with estimates of US$356 billion for key decarbonization sectors by 2050. Public and private finance must be balanced, using carbon pricing and fiscal incentives to attract investment while ensuring poverty reduction.

4. Recommendations

Priorities include:

• Increase electrification and fuel switching in key sectors.
• Improve energy efficiency in buildings and transport.
• Strengthen water resources management.
• Focus on building human capital and social protection.
• Enhance coordination across government levels and stakeholders.
• Deepen collaboration on climate action.

The green transition offers opportunities for sustainable growth but requires urgent and coordinated policy implementation to address climate and economic challenges effectively.