2024-11-17-世界银行-2024年欧盟国家以下企业准备就绪_罗马尼亚（英）_161页_14mb

Subnational Business Ready Assessment: Romania 2024 Summary

Introduction and Scope

• The Subnational Business Ready (B-READY) study assesses business climates in diverse cities across six EU member states.
• A portion of the report focuses on Romania, analyzing nine cities for regulatory environments and public services related to business operations.
• This summary highlights key findings and recommendations for improving business climate in Romania.

Key Findings

Overall Business Environment

• Overall Strength: Business entry registration is robust and efficient (score 92.5/100).
• Areas for Improvement: Business location (building permits, environmental permits), utility services, dispute resolution, and insolvency show significant need for reform.
• Highlight: Oradea outperforms other cities across multiple metrics (66.8+ in Business Insolvency to 90+ in Business Entry).

Detailed Topic Areas

Business Entry

• Strength: Highly aligned with international standards (Pillar I and II scores range between 91-94/100).
• Opportunity: Increase online service uptake and reduce reliance on paper-based services.

Business Location

• Weakness: Significant regional disparity exists (Oradea: 95.6/100; Constanța: 55.5/100).
• Key Issues:
  • Building Permitting: Time varies dramatically (53-382 days), driven by delays in approvals.
  • Environmental Permitting: While uniform regulations exist, implementation varies (time: 2-9 days; cost: uniform at 1.4% GNI/capita).
  • Property Transfer: Efficient processes exist (time: 3-21 days), aligned with international practices.

Utility Services

• Overall: Found wanting, with significant room for improvement (73.7/100 on average).
• Performance:
  • Electricity: Varies significantly (time: 18-317 days; cost: 1.4-6.9% GNI/capita).
  • Water: Generally poor performance, varying from 58.5 to 71.0/100.
  • Internet: Uniform but lacking digital services and transparency.

Dispute Resolution

• Regulatory Status: Good framework implemented, aligns with international standards (75.2/100).
• Operational Efficiency: Very poor performance varies (69.1-99.5/100).
• Key Issues: Long processing times (545-845 days), costly litigation (5-12% of claim value), limited digital services.

Business Insolvency (B2B)

• Regulatory Status: Good framework with key provisions (81.3/100).
• Operational Efficiency: Founder of its kind, inefficiencies noted in practice (37.3-75.5/100).
• Critical Challenges: Slow asset liquidation (2-60 months), costly processes (3.5-19% of company value), persistent legal hurdles in clearing claims among various stakeholders.

Recommendations

Priority Improvements (from 1 to 9):

1. Streamline Insolvency Proceedings (Asset Sales, Price Reduction Enforcement)
2. Enhance Digital Services in Court and Insolvency Processes
3. Optimize Building Permitting Procedures (Single-Point Contact, Digitalization)
4. Improve Dispute Resolution Timelines and Costs
5. Accelerate Energy Utility Connection Timelines (Grid Coordination)
6. Promote Sustainable Practices in Building/Energy Regulations
7. Nationalize Environmental Permitting Digital Platform
8. Strengthen Land Registry Interoperability with Commercial Registries

Key Focus Countries/Cities:

• Oradea (Overall Best Practice)
• Bucharest, Iași, Constanța (Systematic Weakness)
• Timișoara, Cluj-Napoca (Specialized Commercial Courts)

Conclusions:
Romania shows good alignment in formal business entry and insolvency regulations (63-94/100). Substance matters less than implementation; significant efficiency gaps exist in commercial dispute, energy, and property contexts. Improving process speed, digital integration, and proactive stakeholder management is crucial for enhancing overall business climate resilience in Romania.