2023-11-09-世界银行-罗马尼亚国家气候与发展报告（英）-2023.10-90页_90页_2mb

The Country Climate and Development Report for Romania evaluates the nation's progress, climate challenges, and decarbonization strategies within its EU Green Deal commitments. Key findings include:

National Context: Romania has achieved high-income status and substantial poverty reduction since EU accession. However, income disparities, regional inequalities, and institutional weaknesses persist.

Climate Context: Romania has reduced GHG emissions but faces high vulnerability to floods, droughts, and seismic risks. Climate commitments include hitting 55% emission reductions by 2030 and achieving net-zero by 2050.

Decarbonization: The transition across all sectors—energy, industry, buildings, transport—is essential but complex. Modeling shows modest GDP impacts under efficient carbon pricing, with significant electrification and renewable deployment planned by 2050.

Adaptation: Integrated water resource management, sustainable agriculture, biodiversity protection, and resilient urban planning are crucial, alongside investment in nature-based solutions.

Financing: Green growth requires massive public and private funding—est. €487 billion by 2050, catalyzed by EU funds, fiscal policy reform, and innovative financial instruments.

Recommendations: Prioritize decarbonization pathway synchronization, strengthen human capital, accelerate national electrification, improve building energy efficiency, enhance institutional coordination, reform fiscal systems (carbon pricing, green public investment), and promote private finance through blending public and private capital.

The green transition offers significant growth opportunities but requires careful management of social implications, technological options, and investment requirements.