2024年全球强制流离失所趋势报告_64页_5mb

Summary of Global Forced Displacement Trends in 2024

Core Content

In 2024, the number of people forcibly displaced globally reached a record high of 123.2 million, an increase of 6 million (or 6%) from the end of 2023. This figure includes refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced people (IDPs), and other people in need of international protection. The number of people protected or assisted by UNHCR was slightly higher at 129.9 million, reflecting both those currently displaced and those who have returned home in the past year.

Key Statistics

• 73% of displaced people are hosted in low- and middle-income countries.
• 67% of refugees and asylum-seekers live in neighboring countries.
• Lebanon hosted the highest proportion of displaced people (1 in 8), followed by Aruba (1 in 9), Chad (1 in 16), Curaçao (1 in 16), and Jordan (1 in 18).
• Children account for 29% of the global population but make up 40% of all forcibly displaced people.
• 9.8 million displaced people returned to their areas or countries of origin in 2024, including 8.2 million IDPs and 1.6 million refugees.
• 188,800 refugees were resettled in 2024, while 47,200 stateless people acquired citizenship.

Trends in Displacement

• The number of refugees globally decreased by 613,600 (-1%) to 42.7 million, but Sudanese refugees increased by nearly 600,000 to 2.1 million due to ongoing conflict.
• Internally displaced people (IDPs) account for 60% of all displaced people, with 73.5 million remaining displaced within their countries at the end of 2024.
• Sudan experienced the largest displacement crisis, with 14.3 million people displaced, including 2.5 million new IDPs.
• Haiti saw a tripling of internal displacement due to gang violence, reaching over 1 million displaced people.
• Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) remains one of the largest internal displacement crises, with 7.4 million displaced people.
• Ukraine continues to see significant displacement, with 3.7 million IDPs and 740,000 new displacements in 2024.
• Afghanistan saw a decrease in refugee numbers to 5.8 million, with Iran and Pakistan remaining the largest host countries.

Refugee Returns and Resettlement

• Refugee returns reached a 20-year high, with 92% of returns concentrated in Afghanistan, Syria, South Sudan, and Ukraine.
• Ukraine reported the most returns in 2024, with 1.6 million refugees returning to their home country.
• Resettlement reached a 40-year high, with 188,800 refugees resettled, and 88,900 refugees naturalized.
• Syria saw a notable increase in return intentions following the fall of the Assad government, with 80% of surveyed refugees expressing a hope to return, and 27% intending to do so within the next year.

Challenges and Concerns

• Humanitarian resources have not kept pace with the growing number of displaced people, and funding cuts threaten the ability to provide adequate assistance.
• Protection risks remain high, especially for children and women, with concerns about unsafe return conditions and limited access to services.
• Statelessness remains a critical issue, with 4.4 million people stateless at the end of 2024, though 47,200 gained citizenship.
• Solutions for displacement, including returns, resettlement, and local integration, are increasing but sustainability is a concern due to the lack of long-term stability and support in countries of origin.

Key Displacement Situations

• Sudan: Hosted the world's largest displacement crisis with 14.3 million displaced people, including 2.1 million refugees.
• Myanmar: Conflict led to a sharp increase in displacement.
• Haiti: Gang violence caused a tripled number of internally displaced people.
• Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): One of the largest internal displacement crises, with 7.4 million displaced people.
• Gaza: 90% of the civilian population was displaced, with 2 million still internally displaced.
• Lebanon: Suffered a significant refugee crisis, with 1.3 million displaced during the conflict in September–November 2024.
• Ukraine: Continued to experience large-scale displacement, with 3.7 million IDPs.
• Afghanistan: Despite the end of active conflict, returnees face severe socio-economic challenges.

Conclusion

The year 2024 marked a record high in global forced displacement, driven by conflicts in Sudan, Myanmar, the DRC, Ukraine, and the Gaza Strip. While returns and resettlement increased, these solutions remain vulnerable to sustainability due to ongoing instability and insufficient support in countries of origin. The humanitarian system is under significant strain, with funding cuts and data limitations hampering effective response. The fall of the Assad government in Syria has created new hope for return, but the path to a durable solution remains complex and uncertain.