2018世界就业与社会展望（英文版）-3mb

Summary of "Greening with jobs" - World Employment and Social Outlook 2018

Core Content

The ILO report Greening with jobs explores the intersection between environmental sustainability and employment, emphasizing that the transition to a green economy can create new job opportunities and improve working conditions. It highlights the importance of aligning economic growth with environmental protection to ensure a just and sustainable transition.

Main Points

• Environmental Sustainability and Decent Work
  The report underscores that the world of work is closely tied to the environment. Jobs in agriculture, fisheries, forestry, tourism, and other industries depend on a healthy ecosystem. Climate change poses significant risks to workers' health and productivity, particularly in developing countries and vulnerable sectors.

  • Climate Change Impact: Rising temperatures and natural disasters are expected to reduce global working hours by 2.0% by 2030, especially in agriculture and developing regions.
  • Decoupling Growth from Emissions: Achieving environmental sustainability can decouple economic growth from carbon emissions, potentially creating more and better jobs.

• Job Creation in a Green Economy
  The transition to a green economy is projected to create a net gain of 24 million jobs in the energy sector alone, offsetting job losses in carbon-intensive industries.

  • Energy Transition: Measures to limit global warming to 2°C could lead to a net increase of 18 million jobs globally.
  • Circular Economy: Embracing a circular economy model (reuse, recycling, remanufacture) can generate around 6 million new jobs.
  • Agricultural Transition: Conservation and organic agriculture can create employment opportunities and improve productivity.

• The Need for Policy Integration
  Policies promoting environmental sustainability must also ensure decent work. This includes:

  • Labour Regulations: Integrating environmental protection with occupational safety and health standards.
  • Social Dialogue: Facilitating discussions between social partners to design inclusive and sustainable employment strategies.
  • Skills Development: Providing workers with relevant skills to transition into new green sectors.
  • Social Protection: Supporting workers affected by environmental degradation through unemployment protection and cash transfer programs.

• Legal Frameworks and International Cooperation
  International Labour Standards (ILS) and Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) are essential in promoting environmental sustainability while ensuring decent work.

  • ILS Contributions: ILO standards such as the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (No. 169) and the Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents Convention (No. 174) incorporate environmental considerations.
  • MEAs Inclusion: MEAs increasingly address labour dimensions, including environmental rights, employment protection, and safety standards.

• Just Transition
  The transition to a green economy must be just, ensuring that workers are not left behind.

  • Worker Transition: Policies must support the reallocation of workers from declining industries to emerging green sectors.
  • Gender Equity: Climate change mitigation could reduce the share of women in employment unless measures are taken to address occupational segregation.
  • Local Solutions: Adaptation policies such as climate-resilient agriculture can create local employment opportunities.

• Global and Regional Perspectives
  The report includes case studies and country-specific analyses, showing how different regions and countries are addressing the green transition.

  • Country Examples: The Philippines, Uruguay, and others have implemented policies and programs to support a just transition.
  • Skills Mapping: The report highlights the importance of mapping institutional structures to anticipate skills needs and adapt training programs.

Key Information

• Green Jobs Potential: The green economy is expected to be a major source of job growth, with potential for 24 million jobs in the energy sector and 6 million in the circular economy.
• Environmental Degradation Risks: Current economic activities are unsustainable, with resource extraction and waste generation threatening both the environment and employment.
• Social Dialogue Role: Social dialogue is crucial in designing policies that address environmental challenges while protecting employment and working conditions.
• Skills Development: Skills policies and training programs are essential for workers to transition into new green sectors and improve their employability.
• Legal Integration: A coherent legal framework integrating environmental and labour standards is necessary for a sustainable and just transition.
• Climate Change Impact: Climate change is already affecting productivity and working conditions, with projections indicating increased heat stress and reduced working hours by 2030.

Conclusion

The Greening with jobs report concludes that environmental sustainability and decent work are not mutually exclusive. A just transition to a green economy is not only possible but necessary to address both climate change and employment challenges. The report calls for integrated policies, social dialogue, and skills development to ensure that this transition benefits all workers and supports sustainable development.