2023-03-01-IGU-2023年非洲天然气报告（英）_71页_10mb

Gas for Africa: Assessing the Potential for Energising Africa

The Gas for Africa report explores the significant role natural gas can play in addressing Africa's energy challenges. Africa holds about 8.8% of the world's proven natural gas reserves but remains the most energy-poor continent, with nearly 600 million people lacking access to electricity.

Key Points

• Energy Needs: Africa's energy deficit limits industrialization and economic growth. Gas offers a solution for baseload power, supporting renewable integration and reducing emissions.
• Gas Development: Countries like Nigeria, Algeria, and Mozambique lead gas production, though domestic usage remains limited. Gas can reduce deforestation and health impacts from traditional cooking fuels.
• Economic Impact: Investing in gas infrastructure can generate jobs, attract investments, and contribute significantly to economic development and poverty reduction.

Challenges

• Financing: Africa's debt burden and global divestment from hydrocarbons constrain investments in gas projects.
• Infrastructure: Inadequate gasification infrastructure, small demand centers, and poor power markets hinder gas adoption.
• Policy: Uncertainty and inconsistent policies limit investor confidence and gas monetization efforts.

Principles for Gas Development

1. Futureproofing: Gas projects must align with climate goals through decarbonization.
2. Financial Innovation: Develop alternative funding mechanisms, including domestic capital.
3. Enabling Business Climate: Secure investment through regulatory stability and transparent policies.
4. Regionalization: Promote regional gas networks to enhance economies of scale.
5. Clustering: Create industrial clusters near gas fields to boost economic activity.
6. Gradual Scaling: Start with small-scale projects to build demand and refine infrastructure.
7. Electricity Market Reforms: Restructure electricity markets to support gas integration.
8. Price on Emissions: Implement carbon pricing to incentivize gas over higher-emission fuels and fund decarbonization.

Future Outlook

By 2030, Africa could supply up to 90 bcm/y of gas for fertilizer, steel, cement, and desalination industries, reducing emissions significantly. Successful gas hubs like those in North Africa and regional pipelines (Southern Gas Corridor, Central African Pipeline) could transform Africa's energy landscape, positioning it as a global energy player while addressing climate goals and poverty.