2023年灾害对农业和粮食安全的影响_168页_13mb

The 2023 disasters have caused unprecedented damage to agriculture worldwide, impacting agricultural production operations and sustainability, putting the livelihoods of millions dependent on agri-food systems at risk. This new flagship report from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) provides a comprehensive analysis of how climate change, extreme weather, diseases, and conflicts are exacerbating agricultural losses, offering evidence-based recommendations for reducing disaster risks through targeted investments.

Key findings include:

1. Extent of Agricultural Losses

   • Global agricultural losses from disasters were estimated at approximately $38 trillion (equivalent to about 5% of annual global agricultural value) over the past 30 years, with drought being a major driver.
   • Low-income countries and small island developing states disproportionately bear the burden, with losses accounting for up to 10-15% of their agricultural GDP.
   • Climate change has intensified the frequency and severity of extreme events, significantly impacting crop yields and livestock productivity.

2. Impact on Food Security and Nutrition

   • Nutrient and energy shortages from agricultural losses result in significant human needs deficits, with vitamin A, iron, zinc, and magnesium being the most affected nutrients.
   • Energy losses translate to approximately 147 kcal per capita per day globally, equivalent to the daily energy needs of 4-5 billion people.

3. Emerging Threats

   • The 2019 COVID-19 pandemic and African Swine Fever have disrupted supply chains, affecting market access for farmers and increasing prices.
   • Armed conflicts exacerbate vulnerabilities, worsening food insecurity and limiting long-term recovery.

4. Mitigation and Proactive Measures

   • Farm-level interventions, such as drought-resilient crops, improved livestock feed management, and early warning systems, have shown high cost-effectiveness (Benefit-Cost Ratios reaching up to 7.1).
   • The Horn of Africa desert locust control case demonstrates that proactive measures, combined with monitoring, can significantly reduce losses and protect livelihoods.

The report emphasizes the need for:

• Enhanced data collection to accurately quantify disaster impacts and guide evidence-based policy decisions.
• Integration of disaster risk reduction into agricultural policies and national climate strategies.
• Greater investment in proactive measures to build resilience and protect vulnerable communities.

Concluding with the FAO's commitment, the report highlights that reducing disaster impacts requires systemic changes, collaboration across sectors, and a focus on equitable solutions to enhance sustainable agriculture and food security for all.