《灾害和危机对农业和粮食安全的影响报告（2021）》英-245页_33mb

Summary of "The Impact of Disasters and Crises on Agriculture and Food Security" (2021)

Core Content

This report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) explores the growing impact of disasters and crises on agriculture and food security, emphasizing the need for resilient and adaptive systems in the face of increasing environmental and socio-economic challenges.

Main Points

• Disasters and Crises Overview
  The 2010s were the most turbulent decade for disasters, with a steady rise in both frequency and intensity. The 2020s have not seen a reduction in disaster risk, as evidenced by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, extreme weather events, and the resurgence of desert locusts.

• Agriculture's Vulnerability
  Agriculture is central to the livelihoods of over 2.5 billion people globally and is particularly vulnerable to disasters due to its direct reliance on natural resources and environmental conditions. Disasters such as droughts, floods, storms, and locust infestations have severe impacts on crop, livestock, fisheries, and forestry sectors.

• Impact of the Pandemic
  The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted global food supply chains, affecting access to inputs, labor, and farmlands. This has led to production losses, reduced household incomes, and declines in nutrition. The report highlights the need for evidence-based resilience policies to mitigate these effects.

• Desert Locusts as a Threat
  The resurgence of desert locusts, particularly in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Southwest Asia, has posed a significant threat to food security and agricultural livelihoods. These swarms can consume large quantities of vegetation, equivalent to the food needs of 35,000 people per square kilometer, making them one of the most destructive pests.

• Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events
  Climate change is exacerbating the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and wildfires. These events are not only increasing the vulnerability of agricultural systems but also contributing to broader socio-economic and environmental challenges.

• Systemic Risk and Resilience
  The report stresses that disaster risk is increasingly complex, interconnected, and systemic. It calls for a shift from reactive to proactive disaster risk management, emphasizing the importance of resilience and preparedness in agricultural systems.

• Global Goals and the Role of FAO
  The report underscores the importance of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) by 2030. It highlights the role of FAO in providing evidence-based assessments and fostering collaboration among governments, international organizations, and the private sector.

Key Information

• Disaster Trends:

  • 90 disasters per year in the 1970s
  • Over 100 in the 1980s
  • 440 in the 2000s
  • 360 in the 2010s, with increased intensity and impact

• Climate Change Impact:

  • The 2010s were the hottest decade on record, with seven of the ten warmest years
  • This has intensified natural disasters, leading to more frequent and severe droughts, floods, and wildfires

• Disaster Impacts on Agriculture:

  • Disasters have direct and indirect effects on agricultural production and food security
  • Smallholder farmers are disproportionately affected, as they often lack the resources to cope with shocks

• Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR):

  • DRR must be integrated into agricultural policies and practices
  • The report advocates for the use of remote sensing, data collection, and monitoring systems to better assess and respond to disaster impacts

• Collaborative Efforts:

  • FAO has collaborated with various departments, country offices, and international partners to produce this report
  • The report is part of the 50x2030 Initiative to close the agricultural data gap

• Future Directions:

  • The report calls for the development of more comprehensive and integrated disaster resilience frameworks
  • It highlights the importance of multi-hazard and multi-sector approaches to building sustainable and resilient agricultural systems

Conclusion

The report concludes that the global community must act urgently to address the growing threats to agriculture and food security. It emphasizes the need for evidence-based policies, enhanced monitoring and assessment systems, and collaborative efforts to build resilient agri-food systems that can withstand the increasing frequency and intensity of disasters and crises.